The month of December boasts not one, but three recognized birthstones: turquoise, blue zircon, and blue topaz. Throughout history, cultures have attributed various gemstones to each month, and December is a prime example of this evolving tradition. While modern lists often include all three, earlier associations leaned heavily towards turquoise and blue zircon, with more recent additions incorporating blue topaz as a popular alternative. This article will explore the history, properties, and significance of these December birthstones, drawing upon established traditions and modern interpretations.
A History of December’s Gemstones
The practice of associating specific gemstones with birth months is not ancient, despite the ancient roots of gem veneration. The standardization of a birthstone list as we know it today didn’t occur until 1912, when the American National Association of Jewelers formally adopted a list. However, the concept of linking gemstones to specific times of the year, or to astrological signs, dates back much further. Ancient cultures believed in the mystical healing powers of gemstones, and different calendar systems influenced which stones were associated with particular periods. In Ayurveda and Hindu astrological traditions, the position of celestial bodies at the time of birth determined a person’s gemstone affinity, leading to the Navaratna system of nine celestial birthstones.
Prior to the 20th century, various cultures held differing opinions on December’s birthstones. Turquoise and lapis lazuli were frequently cited as ancient birthstones for this month. The fact that multiple options existed historically reflects both the varying beliefs across cultures and the practical consideration of affordability and availability. Some gemstones are rarer and more expensive than others, and offering alternatives ensured that individuals could find a birthstone gift within their budget.
Turquoise: A Stone of Peace and Calmness
Turquoise, a vibrant blue-to-green mineral, has a long and rich history. It has been prized for its beauty and believed protective qualities for centuries. The name “turquoise” itself originates from the French phrase “pierre turquoise,” meaning “Turkish stone,” as the material often entered Europe through Turkey.
Traditionally, turquoise was associated with peace and calmness. It remains a popular choice for those seeking a connection to nature and a sense of tranquility. It is one of the original birthstones for December, and continues to be a favored option.
Blue Zircon: A Traditional December Stone
Blue zircon, another traditional December birthstone, is less commonly known than turquoise but holds its own historical significance. While zircon comes in a variety of colors, the blue variety is specifically linked to December. It is important to note that zircon should not be confused with cubic zirconia, a synthetic diamond simulant. Natural zircon is a distinct gemstone with its own unique properties.
Blue Topaz: A Modern Addition
Blue topaz is a more recent addition to the December birthstone family. While topaz itself has been valued for centuries, the popularity of blue topaz as a birthstone has grown in recent decades. The vibrant blue color is often achieved through irradiation and heat treatment, enhancing the natural color of the stone. Blue topaz is associated with peace and calmness, mirroring some of the qualities attributed to turquoise.
Gemological Properties
The three December birthstones differ significantly in their gemological properties.
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, with a hardness of 5-6 on the Mohs scale. Its color ranges from sky blue to greenish-blue, often with matrix (veins of the surrounding rock) visible within the stone.
Blue Zircon is a zirconium silicate with a hardness of 6.5-7.5 on the Mohs scale. Its color is typically a bright, vivid blue, though it can also be found in other hues.
Blue Topaz is an aluminum silicate fluoride hydroxide with a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale. This makes it a relatively durable gemstone, suitable for everyday wear. The color of blue topaz varies depending on the treatment applied, ranging from pale sky blue to deep London blue.
A comparative table of these properties is shown below:
| Property | Turquoise | Blue Zircon | Blue Topaz |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O | ZrSiO4 | Al2SiO4(OH,F)2 |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 5-6 | 6.5-7.5 | 8 |
| Color | Blue to Green | Blue | Blue |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these gemstones has been imbued with symbolic meaning. Turquoise has long been considered a sacred stone, believed to offer protection and good fortune. It is often associated with friendship and loyalty.
Blue zircon is thought to promote wisdom and prosperity.
Blue topaz is believed to represent peace, calmness, and communication. It is often associated with enhancing creativity and intuition.
The choice of which December birthstone to embrace often depends on personal preference and the qualities the wearer seeks to embody.
Care and Cleaning
Due to their differing hardness levels, each of these gemstones requires specific care. Turquoise is relatively soft and porous, making it susceptible to scratches and damage from harsh chemicals. It should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh cleaning agents.
Blue zircon and blue topaz are more durable but should still be handled with care. They can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid exposing them to sudden temperature changes, as this can cause them to fracture.
Choosing a Birthstone
The modern approach to birthstones allows for flexibility. Individuals born in December can choose between turquoise, blue zircon, and blue topaz based on their personal preferences, birthstone meanings, or even zodiac sign. The standardization of birthstones in 1912, and subsequent additions, provides a wider range of options for those seeking a meaningful gemstone connection. Whether prioritizing traditional associations or modern aesthetics, the December birthstones offer a beautiful and symbolic representation of the month and the individuals born within it.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – turquoise, blue zircon, and blue topaz – represent a fascinating blend of history, tradition, and modern preference. From the ancient reverence for turquoise to the recent popularity of blue topaz, these gemstones offer a diverse range of colors, properties, and symbolic meanings. Understanding the origins and characteristics of each stone allows for a more informed and personal connection, making the selection of a December birthstone a truly meaningful experience.