December is uniquely represented by not one, but three captivating birthstones: zircon, turquoise, and tanzanite. Each possesses a distinct history, geological origin, and set of gemological properties, offering a diverse range of choices for those born in the final month of the year. These gemstones have been valued for centuries, not only for their beauty but also for the symbolism and perceived benefits they bestow upon the wearer. This article will delve into the characteristics of each of these December birthstones, exploring their origins, properties, and cultural significance as revealed by available gemological resources.
A Historical Perspective on December’s Gems
Zircon holds a prominent place in gemstone history, being one of the oldest of all gemstones. Turquoise, similarly, boasts a long and storied past, valued by cultures across the globe for millennia. Tanzanite, however, is a relatively recent discovery, gaining prominence in the late 20th century. The inclusion of three birthstones for December reflects a modern trend towards offering greater choice and acknowledging the diverse preferences of individuals. The act of gifting these stones signifies rarity and special value, representing a heartfelt connection between giver and receiver.
Zircon: A Gem with Radioactive Properties
Zircon is described as a historic and marvelous gemstone, found within the Earth’s crust. It is notable for possessing some radioactive properties, though the extent and implications of this are not detailed in the provided sources. Gemologists measure its hardness between 6 and 7.5 on the Mohs scale, indicating moderate durability. Zircon is sourced from countries including Canada, Australia, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, and others. This gemstone exhibits a wide spectrum of colors, including blue, red, green, grey, yellow, and reddish-brown.
Turquoise: A Symbol of Rarity and Value
Turquoise has been a valuable and rare gemstone for thousands of years, signifying special value and rarity. It is found in shades of turquoise, blue, blue-green, and green, and registers a hardness of 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale. This places it lower in durability compared to zircon, requiring careful handling. The sources do not specify particular mining locations beyond its general historical use.
Tanzanite: The Rarest of the Three
Tanzanite is presented as the rarest of the three December birthstones. Remarkably, it is found in only one location on Earth: the Kilimanjaro Mountains. This limited source contributes to its perceived value and desirability. The gemstone is available in blue, violet, and burgundy colors and has a hardness of 6.5 on the Mohs scale. The sources note a lack of widespread knowledge regarding tanzanite, leading to potential issues with quality assessment among consumers.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
The following table summarizes the key gemological properties of the three December birthstones, based on the provided sources:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Color(s) | Hardness (Mohs) | Notable Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zircon | Not specified | Blue, red, green, grey, yellow, reddish-brown | 6-7.5 | Radioactive |
| Turquoise | Not specified | Turquoise, blue, blue-green, green | 5-6 | Historical Value |
| Tanzanite | Not specified | Blue, violet, burgundy | 6.5 | Single Source |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
While the sources do not extensively detail the metaphysical properties of these stones, some insights are provided. Citrine, a November birthstone mentioned in the sources, is described as a stone of manifestation, prosperity, and positive energy, converting negative thoughts into positive ones. It is also referred to as the “merchant’s stone” or “money stone,” believed to bring financial luck. Topaz, also a November birthstone, symbolizes friendship. Turquoise, by virtue of its rarity, signifies special value and a unique connection between individuals. Peridot, an August birthstone, is believed to promote positivity, happiness, and confidence. Spinel, also an August birthstone, is thought to enhance vitality and bring a sense of peace. These associations, though not directly linked to December’s stones, suggest a broader tradition of attributing symbolic meaning to gemstones.
Mining Locations and Global Sources
The sources indicate a global distribution of these gemstones, though specific details vary. Zircon is found in Canada, Australia, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, and other locations. Turquoise’s origins are not explicitly stated, but its historical use suggests widespread availability. Tanzanite is uniquely sourced from the Kilimanjaro Mountains. Garnet, a January birthstone, is found in the United States, Madagascar, India, and Brazil. Amethyst, a February birthstone, is sourced from Zambia, Uruguay, Bolivia, and Brazil. Sapphire, a September birthstone, is mined in Australia, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Opal, an October birthstone, is found in Poland, Mexico, the Czech Republic, Canada, Slovakia, Hungary, Turkey, and Ethiopia. Tourmaline, also an October birthstone, has a diverse range of origins. Peridot, an August birthstone, is sourced from Arizona, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Africa. Citrine, a November birthstone, is found in the United States, South Africa, Russia, Peru, Namibia, Myanmar, and Mexico. Topaz, also a November birthstone, has a hardness level of 8. Spinel, an August birthstone, is found in Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Myanmar.
Care and Cleaning
The sources provide limited guidance on gemstone care. However, based on their hardness levels, some inferences can be made. Zircon, with a hardness of 6-7.5, requires moderate care to avoid scratching. Turquoise, being softer at 5-6, is more susceptible to damage and should be handled with greater caution. Tanzanite, at 6.5, falls in between and requires careful cleaning and protection from impacts. Generally, gemstones should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, especially for more delicate stones like turquoise.
The Rarest and Most Expensive Birthstones
Diamonds, rubies, emeralds, and sapphires are identified as the most expensive gemstones, evaluated based on the “four Cs” – color, cut, clarity, and carat weight. Red diamonds are considered the rarest and most expensive of all. While not specifically a December birthstone, the mention of these high-value gems provides context for understanding the relative rarity and cost of zircon, turquoise, and tanzanite.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – zircon, turquoise, and tanzanite – represent a fascinating blend of history, rarity, and beauty. Zircon, with its ancient origins and unique properties, offers a connection to the past. Turquoise, a symbol of value and rarity, embodies a timeless elegance. Tanzanite, a recent discovery from a single location, represents exclusivity and modern sophistication. Each gemstone holds its own appeal, making December a truly special month for gemstone enthusiasts. The choice of which stone to embrace is a personal one, reflecting individual preferences and the desire to connect with the unique energy and symbolism of these captivating gems.