August is unique among the months, boasting not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and onyx. This tradition, while seemingly unusual, stems from a long and evolving history of birthstone associations, originating in medieval traditions and continuing to adapt into the modern era. The selection of these stones reflects both ancient beliefs and more recent additions to the birthstone canon, offering a diverse range of choices for those born in the eighth month of the year. This article will explore the history, origins, properties, and symbolism of each of these August birthstones, drawing upon available historical and gemological information.
History and Lore
The practice of associating gemstones with specific birth months has ancient roots, tracing back to biblical times and gaining prominence in Poland and Germany centuries ago. Initially, these associations were not standardized, with regional variations and differing lists existing concurrently. The modern birthstone list, as it is largely known today, began to solidify in 1912, though even now, jewelers and gemological societies often acknowledge both traditional and modern birthstone options. The existence of multiple stones for a single month, as is the case with August, highlights this ongoing evolution.
The tradition evolved over time, with jewelers in North America and Europe often referencing slightly different birthstone traditions, further contributing to the variety of choices available. This explains the presence of three birthstones for August – peridot, spinel, and onyx – each with its own distinct history and significance.
Peridot: The Olive-Green Gem
Peridot, known for its distinctive olive-green hue, has a history stretching back to ancient civilizations. It was often associated with lunar deities in both Roman and Greek mythology, and in Hindu tradition, it was believed to be formed from solidified moonbeams. The name “peridot” itself is derived from the Greek word “peridona,” meaning “giving of light.”
Spinel: A Relatively Recent Addition
While historically sometimes mistaken for ruby, spinel is a gemstone in its own right, gaining recognition as a distinct mineral relatively recently. It wasn’t until the 18th century that spinel was definitively differentiated from ruby. Despite this later recognition, spinel has a rich history, having been prized by royalty for centuries. It is now considered a modern birthstone for August, offering a vibrant alternative to peridot and onyx.
Onyx: A Stone of Strength and Protection
Onyx, a variety of chalcedony, is characterized by its banded coloration, often featuring layers of black and white. Throughout history, onyx has been associated with strength, protection, and grounding. It was used extensively in ancient carvings and jewelry, and its dark color often symbolized mourning and remembrance.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these three birthstones vary significantly, reflecting their distinct geological formations.
Peridot is formed in the Earth’s mantle and brought to the surface through volcanic activity. Significant sources of peridot include the United States (New Mexico, North Carolina, and Virginia), as well as India and Sri Lanka. Other notable sources include Brazil, Madagascar, Myanmar, and Tanzania.
Spinel forms in metamorphic rocks and is often found alongside rubies and sapphires. While historically sourced from the same regions as rubies, spinel is now mined in various locations, including Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Tajikistan.
Onyx, being a variety of chalcedony, forms in the cavities of lava flows. It is found in a variety of locations worldwide, though specific sourcing information for August birthstone-quality onyx is not detailed in the provided sources.
Gemological Properties
Each of the August birthstones possesses unique gemological properties that contribute to its beauty and value.
Peridot: The sources do not provide specific gemological data for peridot.
Spinel: The sources do not provide specific gemological data for spinel.
Onyx: The sources do not provide specific gemological data for onyx.
A comparative table of hardness (Mohs scale) would be beneficial here, but the provided sources do not contain this information.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism associated with each of these birthstones is deeply rooted in cultural beliefs and historical traditions.
Peridot, with its vibrant green color, is often associated with love, passion, and fertility. It is believed to bring great luck to the wearer.
Spinel, while not extensively detailed in the provided sources, is valued for its brilliance and color, and is often associated with revitalization and renewal.
Onyx, with its dark and grounding color, has historically been linked to strength, protection, and resilience. It was often used as a talisman to ward off negative energy.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources offer specific care instructions for moonstone, but not for peridot, spinel, or onyx. However, based on general gemological knowledge, the following guidelines can be inferred:
Peridot, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5-7, requires careful handling to avoid scratches. Cleaning should be done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush.
Spinel, with a Mohs hardness of 8, is relatively durable and can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush.
Onyx, also with a Mohs hardness of 6.5-7, should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaners.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and onyx – represent a fascinating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From the ancient associations of peridot with lunar deities to the relatively recent recognition of spinel as a distinct gemstone, and the enduring symbolism of onyx as a stone of strength, each offers a unique and meaningful choice for those born in August. The tradition of having three birthstones for a single month underscores the evolving nature of these associations and the diverse range of options available to celebrate a birth month with a beautiful and significant gemstone.