For those born in August, a trio of gemstones—peridot, onyx, and spinel—claim the title of birthstone. While all three offer unique beauty and symbolism, peridot stands out as the traditional and most widely recognized August birthstone. Revered for millennia, this vibrant green gem boasts a fascinating history, a unique geological origin, and a captivating allure that continues to enchant gem enthusiasts today. This article will delve into the history, geological formation, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of peridot, exploring its significance as a cherished gemstone.
A History Rooted in Ancient Civilizations
Peridot’s story stretches back thousands of years, with evidence of its use dating to ancient Egypt around 1500 BC. Known as the “gem of the sun,” it was highly prized and believed to possess protective qualities, warding off nightmares and bestowing confidence, health, and positive energy upon its wearer. The ancient Egyptians sourced their peridot primarily from the volcanic island of Zabargad in the Red Sea, a location that remained a significant source for centuries, until the early 20th century.
During the Middle Ages, peridot’s appeal extended to Europe, where it was valued by royalty and clergy alike. The gemstone frequently adorned church altars and clerical robes, signifying its importance and reverence. Its popularity persisted through the Victorian era, becoming a favored element in intricate jewelry designs.
The Geological Origins of a Unique Gem
Peridot is the gem-quality variety of the mineral olivine, a silicate compound of magnesium and iron. Its characteristic green hue is directly attributed to the presence of iron within its crystal structure, with varying amounts resulting in shades ranging from yellowish-green to olive and dark green. Unlike many gemstones formed through complex geological processes, peridot forms deep within the Earth’s mantle and is brought to the surface through volcanic activity.
Remarkably, peridot is occasionally discovered within meteorites, earning it the nickname “Pele’s Tears” – a reference to the Hawaiian volcano goddess of fire, Pele. This extraterrestrial origin adds a unique dimension to the gem’s mystique, solidifying its reputation as a truly special stone. It is also noted to be found on the Moon.
Gemological Properties: A Closer Look
Peridot’s chemical formula is (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄, indicating its composition of magnesium and iron silicate. While specific details regarding hardness, refractive index, and other precise gemological data are not provided in the available sources, its classification as a variety of olivine provides a general understanding of its properties. Olivine typically ranges between 6.5 and 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making peridot relatively durable but susceptible to scratching from harder materials.
The gem’s color, a defining characteristic, varies based on iron content. The intensity and tint of green can range from a light yellowish-green to a deep, rich olive. Peridot is known to occur in only one color, green, unlike many other gemstones that exhibit a wider spectrum of hues.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been imbued with symbolic meaning. Ancient Egyptians believed it held protective powers, shielding wearers from negative energies and promoting well-being. The association with the sun further reinforced its symbolism of warmth, light, and vitality.
Modern interpretations continue to attribute positive qualities to peridot. It is believed to bring happiness and a sense of one’s destiny in life, fostering clarity and promoting emotional balance. Some believe it can facilitate positive energy flow and enhance creativity.
Peridot Alongside Other August Birthstones
While peridot holds a prominent position as the traditional August birthstone, it shares this honor with onyx and, more recently, spinel. The tradition of assigning multiple birthstones to each month evolved over time, originating in medieval Poland or Germany and gaining traction through the centuries. The emergence of “modern” birthstone lists in the 20th century further diversified the options available for each month.
Onyx, considered the “ancient” birthstone for August, is valued for its strength and protective qualities. It is known for its granular structure and comes in a variety of colors, including red, green, and black. Spinel, the newest addition to the August birthstone family (officially recognized in 2016), is a versatile gem available in a rainbow of colors, often mistaken for other gemstones like ruby.
Caring for Your Peridot
Maintaining the beauty of peridot requires gentle care. Given its moderate hardness, it is susceptible to scratches and should be protected from abrasive materials. Cleaning can be performed with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam cleaners, as these can damage the gemstone. It is also advisable to remove peridot jewelry before engaging in strenuous activities to prevent potential damage.
A Gemstone with a Continuing Legacy
Peridot’s enduring appeal stems from its captivating color, rich history, and unique geological origins. From its ancient roots in Egypt to its modern recognition as a cherished birthstone, peridot continues to captivate and inspire. Whether admired for its beauty, its symbolic meaning, or its extraterrestrial connection, this vibrant green gem remains a testament to the wonders of the natural world. Today, lab-created cubic zirconia in a peridot green is often used in birthstone jewelry due to cost and rarity of gem quality stones.
Conclusion
Peridot, the “gem of the sun,” stands as a remarkable gemstone with a legacy spanning millennia. Its historical significance, unique geological formation, and captivating symbolism have cemented its place as a treasured birthstone for those born in August. From ancient civilizations to modern jewelry enthusiasts, peridot continues to enchant with its vibrant green hue and enduring allure. Its association with protection, positivity, and destiny makes it a meaningful and cherished gem for generations to come.