August boasts a trio of recognized birthstones – sardonyx, spinel, and peridot – offering a diverse palette of color and symbolism for those born in this summer month. While all three gems hold unique appeal, peridot stands out with its distinctive olive-green hue and a history steeped in ancient lore. This article delves into the fascinating world of peridot, exploring its geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and modern-day appeal, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
Peridot’s history is remarkably long, stretching back millennia. Ancient Egyptians revered the gem, referring to it as the “gem of the sun,” and some scholars theorize that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection was, in fact, largely composed of peridots. This misidentification with emeralds persisted for centuries, owing to the similarity in color. The Romans, too, held peridot in high esteem, calling it the “evening emerald” due to its ability to maintain its vibrant color even in low light conditions.
Throughout much of recorded history, peridot has often been mistaken for emeralds, a testament to its captivating green shade. The gem’s association with sunlight and prosperity is deeply rooted in ancient beliefs. Remarkably, peridot has even been discovered in extraterrestrial origins, found within pallasite meteorites estimated to be between four and five billion years old, dating back to the formation of our solar system. Further evidence of its cosmic origins was found in 2005 when peridot was detected in comet dust returned by the Stardust robotic space probe.
Historically, peridot has also been associated with significant religious artifacts. The 200-carat gemstones adorning the shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral are, in fact, peridots, previously and incorrectly identified as emeralds. The gem is also traditionally given as a gift to celebrate a 15th wedding anniversary, symbolizing prosperity, growth, and openness.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a member of the olivine mineral group, named for its characteristic olive-green color. This coloration is due to its iron content. The sources do not specify particular mining locations, but they do highlight the gem’s unusual origins. While typically formed deep within the Earth’s mantle and brought to the surface through volcanic activity, peridot’s presence in meteorites demonstrates its extraterrestrial existence.
The quality of peridot is often linked to its size; smaller, genuine peridots are relatively common, but larger stones exceeding five carats are considered valuable and rarer finds.
Gemological Properties
Peridot possesses unique gemological properties that contribute to its appeal. It exhibits extremely high double refraction, meaning that when viewed closely through the gemstone, two of each pavilion facet can be observed. This optical phenomenon is a distinctive characteristic of peridot.
While the sources do not provide a specific refractive index or chemical formula, they do state that peridot rates between 6.5 and 7 on the Mohs hardness scale. This places it lower in hardness compared to many other gemstones, making it more susceptible to scratching and requiring careful handling. Notably, peridot is described as not being as light-dependent as blue and red gemstones, meaning its color remains consistent across different lighting conditions – a rare quality among colored gems.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Beyond its aesthetic appeal, peridot is imbued with symbolic meaning. Modern gemology suggests that spinel symbolizes revitalization, refreshing and rejuvenating the wearer, fostering hope, and improving self-esteem. While this refers to spinel, peridot is also believed to strengthen life, increase prosperity, and promote growth and openness.
The “gem of the sun” moniker reflects its association with light, warmth, and positive energy. Its historical use in religious settings further suggests a belief in its protective and spiritually enhancing qualities.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its relatively lower hardness, peridot requires careful handling and maintenance. The sources recommend cleaning peridot with a soft, dry cloth for routine care. For more thorough cleaning, warm, soapy water can be used, followed by careful rinsing and drying. Harsh chemicals and sudden temperature changes should be avoided, and it is advisable to remove peridot jewelry before swimming or engaging in strenuous activities.
Holding the jewelry by the metal setting, rather than the gemstone itself, is recommended to prevent the transfer of natural skin oils, which can dull the stone’s surface. Professional cleaning is suggested at least once a year, along with regular inspection of the setting to ensure the peridot remains secure.
Modern Applications and Jewelry
Today, peridot continues to be a popular gemstone for jewelry, particularly in pendants, earrings, and rings. Its vibrant green color adds a touch of sophistication and individuality to any ensemble. The availability of peridot in a variety of cuts and settings makes it accessible to a wide range of tastes and budgets. The gem is often featured in both contemporary and classic jewelry designs, showcasing its versatility.
The sources mention peridot pendants crafted in sterling silver, emphasizing hypoallergenic qualities for sensitive skin. The availability of adjustable chain lengths and elegant packaging further enhances its appeal as a gift.
Conclusion
Peridot, the captivating green birthstone of August, boasts a rich history, unique gemological properties, and enduring symbolism. From its ancient origins as the “gem of the sun” revered by Egyptians and Romans to its modern-day appeal in contemporary jewelry, peridot continues to enchant and inspire. Its association with prosperity, growth, and positive energy, coupled with its distinctive optical properties, makes it a truly special gemstone. Careful handling and regular maintenance will ensure that this vibrant gem retains its beauty for generations to come.