August boasts not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. While modern lists often highlight peridot as the primary August gem, spinel has gained recognition as a compelling alternative, and sardonyx represents the traditional birthstone for those born in this month. This article will explore the history, geological origins, and gemological properties of each of these fascinating gemstones, drawing upon historical accounts and modern gemological understanding.
A Trio of August Gems
The association of specific gemstones with birth months is a practice with evolving roots. Initially linked to the twelve tribes of Israel and the signs of the zodiac, the modern convention of assigning a single gem to each month emerged between the 16th and 18th centuries, with further refinement by the National Association of Jewelers in 1912. For August, this has resulted in a selection of three distinct stones, each with its own unique story and characteristics. Sardonyx holds the longest history as an August birthstone, dating back over 4,000 years, while spinel’s appreciation is a more recent development, spurred by its resemblance to ruby. Peridot, with its distinctive olive-green hue, occupies a prominent position in contemporary August birthstone lore.
Peridot: From Volcanic Depths to Royal Collections
Peridot is the yellowish-green to greenish-yellow variety of the mineral olivine. Its history is marked by frequent misidentification with other gems, notably topaz and emerald. The island of Topazios in the Red Sea, often cited as the origin of the name “topaz,” was, in fact, a significant source of peridot. Throughout history, this gem has been valued for its vibrant color and believed to possess protective qualities.
One notable historical account involves the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral, adorned with 200 carats of gems long believed to be emeralds. These gems were later identified as peridot. Speculation even suggests that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have largely consisted of peridot, highlighting the gem’s historical significance and desirability. Peridot is uniquely formed under extreme conditions, often found within hardened lava carried from deep within the Earth’s mantle, and even originating from meteorites.
Spinel: A Ruby Imposter Turned Star
For centuries, red spinel was frequently mistaken for ruby, a gem with which it shares a similar appearance. This misidentification persisted until relatively recently, as modern consumers began to appreciate spinel’s unique qualities and value it as a gemstone in its own right. Spinel offers a range of colors, including red, pink, blue, and black, making it a versatile and attractive alternative to ruby.
Sardonyx: The Ancient August Stone
Sardonyx represents the original August birthstone, with a history stretching back over 4,000 years. While the provided sources do not detail its specific properties or origins, its long-standing association with the month of August underscores its historical importance.
Geological Formation and Sources
The sources detail the unique formation of peridot, linking it to volcanic activity and even extraterrestrial origins. Found in hardened lava flows originating from the Earth’s mantle, and occasionally within meteorites, peridot’s formation requires extreme geological conditions. The sources do not provide specific mining locations for spinel or sardonyx.
Gemological Properties
The provided sources offer limited gemological data. Peridot is identified as a yellowish-green to greenish-yellow gem variety of the mineral olivine. No information regarding its hardness, refractive index, or chemical formula is provided within the sources. Similarly, no specific gemological properties are detailed for spinel or sardonyx.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, gemstones have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. While the sources do not extensively detail the symbolism associated with August birthstones, they do offer glimpses into historical beliefs. Amethyst, mentioned in relation to February birthstones, was believed by the Ancient Greeks to protect against drunkenness. Garnets, associated with January, were worn by ancient Aztecs and Asian warriors for protection during battle, and by travelers and explorers to illuminate their paths. These examples demonstrate a long-held tradition of attributing protective and beneficial powers to gemstones.
The sources suggest that garnets represent protection, energy, perseverance, and confidence. Amethyst is said to empower its wearer with courage, wisdom, clarity, serenity, and loyalty. These symbolic associations highlight the enduring belief in the power of gemstones to influence and enhance various aspects of life.
Care and Cleaning
The sources do not provide specific care and cleaning instructions for peridot, spinel, or sardonyx. However, general gemstone care principles apply. Given the lack of information regarding hardness, it is advisable to handle these gemstones with care to avoid scratches or damage. Gentle cleaning with mild soap and warm water is generally recommended for most gemstones.
The Evolution of Birthstone Lists
The concept of birthstones has evolved significantly over time. Initially linked to the twelve tribes of Israel and the zodiac signs, the practice of associating specific gems with birth months gained traction in the 16th to 18th centuries. The National Association of Jewelers further standardized the list in 1912, creating the modern birthstone chart. This evolution reflects changing cultural beliefs, gemological discoveries, and marketing influences. The existence of both traditional and modern birthstone lists allows consumers to choose gems based on personal preference and historical significance.
Conclusion
August’s trio of birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a rich tapestry of history, geological wonder, and enduring symbolism. While peridot enjoys prominence as the modern August gem, spinel’s recent recognition and sardonyx’s ancient roots contribute to a diverse and fascinating selection. The evolving nature of birthstone lists underscores the enduring human fascination with gemstones and their perceived powers. The limited information provided in the sources highlights the need for further research to fully understand the gemological properties, origins, and cultural significance of these captivating August birthstones.