August boasts not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. While peridot holds the longest-standing tradition as the primary August gem, spinel was officially added to the list in 2016 by the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) and Jewelers of America (JA), offering those born in this month a wider spectrum of choices. Sardonyx, with a history stretching back over four millennia, remains a historically significant option. This article will explore the unique characteristics, histories, and significance of each of these captivating gemstones.
A History of Confusion and Recognition
For centuries, the identification of gemstones was less precise than modern gemological science allows. This led to frequent misidentification of stones, adding layers of intrigue to their histories. A prime example is the case of spinel, which was often mistaken for ruby – both minerals sharing a similar red hue. Many famous “rubies” in royal collections, including the Black Prince’s Ruby in the British Crown Jewels, the Timur Ruby, and the Catherine the Great’s Ruby, were later determined to be spinels. This historical case of mistaken identity underscores the importance of accurate mineralogical classification and adds to spinel’s compelling story.
Similarly, peridot was often confused with other green gems, such as emerald and topaz. The ancient Greeks mined peridot on the island of Topazios (now Zabargad) in the Red Sea, mistakenly believing they were extracting topaz. Cleopatra herself was said to have adorned herself with peridot, believing them to be emeralds.
Sardonyx, with a history dating back over 4,000 years, has been used in cameos, seals, and amulets by ancient civilizations, including the Greeks and Romans, who valued it for its perceived protective qualities.
Peridot: The “Evening Emerald” and Stone of Renewal
Peridot, the most widely recognized August birthstone, is a vibrant green gem prized for its lively color and luminous glow. Its chemical formula is (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, indicating it is primarily composed of olivine, magnesium, and iron. The amount of iron present dictates the intensity of its green hue. Often called the “evening emerald” due to its ability to sparkle under both natural and artificial light, peridot possesses a unique capacity to exhibit brilliance.
This gemstone’s origins are remarkably diverse. Peridot has been found in fallen meteorites, adding to its mystique, and is also formed in volcanic lava, originating from deep within the Earth’s mantle. While meteorite-sourced peridot is typically too small for jewelry, larger, gem-quality stones are commonly found in the Earth’s upper mantle and brought to the surface by volcanic activity. Notable sources include Arizona, Pakistan, Myanmar, and China.
On the Mohs hardness scale, peridot measures between 6.5 and 7, making it durable enough for everyday wear, though jewelers often recommend bezel settings, particularly for rings, to protect against chipping or scratching. Care should be taken to avoid ultrasonic cleaners; instead, mild soap and water are recommended for cleaning, and it should be stored separately to prevent scratches.
Historically, peridot has been associated with renewal, protection, and the sun’s energy. Legend suggests it wards off evil and nightmares, while also sharpening the mind and opening the heart to growth. It is linked to the zodiac sign Leo, whose vibrant energy aligns with peridot’s warm green color.
Spinel: A Gemstone Worth Discovering
Spinel, a relatively recent addition to the list of August birthstones, is a beautiful and durable gemstone available in a wide range of colors, though it is best known for its reds, pinks, purples, and rare vivid blues colored by cobalt. For centuries, its true identity was obscured by its resemblance to ruby. It wasn’t until a few hundred years ago that mineralogists were able to definitively distinguish between the two.
The recognition of spinel as a distinct gemstone has led to a growing appreciation for its unique qualities. It is a favorite among gem collectors and staff at Olufson Designs, who value its beauty and durability. Spinel’s brilliance and color rival those of ruby and sapphire, yet it is often more affordable.
The historical misidentification of spinel as ruby has resulted in several significant spinels being incorporated into famous royal collections. The Black Prince’s Ruby, the Timur Ruby, and the Catherine the Great’s Ruby are all, in fact, magnificent spinels.
Sardonyx: Strength, Courage, and Ancient Symbolism
While less prominently featured than peridot and spinel, sardonyx remains a traditional August birthstone with a rich history. Sardonyx symbolizes strength, courage, and protection. It is a banded variety of chalcedony, composed of layers of sard (reddish-brown) and onyx (black).
Historically, sardonyx was highly valued by ancient Greeks and Romans, who used it to create amulets, cameos, and seals. They believed it brought victory in battle and enhanced communication skills. Its use in these applications highlights its perceived protective and empowering qualities.
Gemological Properties at a Glance
The following table summarizes key gemological properties of the three August birthstones:
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Hardness (Mohs) | Color | Primary Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 | 6.5 - 7 | Yellowish-green to greenish-yellow | Arizona, Pakistan, Myanmar, China |
| Spinel | MgAl2O4 | 8 | Red, pink, purple, blue | Various locations worldwide |
| Sardonyx | SiO2 | 6.5 - 7 | Banded red-brown and black | Various locations worldwide |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of the August birthstones carries its own unique symbolism and metaphysical beliefs. Peridot is associated with renewal, protection, and the sun’s energy, believed to ward off evil and nightmares. Spinel, while having a less established metaphysical tradition, is often linked to revitalization and grounding. Sardonyx symbolizes strength, courage, and protection, historically used to enhance communication and bring victory.
Choosing the Right August Birthstone
The choice between peridot, spinel, and sardonyx ultimately depends on personal preference and desired symbolism. Peridot offers a classic green hue and a connection to renewal and protection. Spinel provides a vibrant range of colors and a fascinating history of misidentification. Sardonyx embodies strength, courage, and ancient traditions. Each gemstone offers a unique and beautiful option for those born in August.
Conclusion
August’s birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a fascinating intersection of history, geology, and symbolism. From centuries of mistaken identity to modern recognition, these gemstones have captivated humanity with their beauty and perceived powers. Whether drawn to the vibrant green of peridot, the diverse colors of spinel, or the banded strength of sardonyx, those born in August have a rich and varied selection of gems to choose from, each offering a unique connection to the earth and its enduring mysteries.