December boasts a trio of captivating birthstones: Blue Zircon, Turquoise, and Tanzanite. While traditionally associated with Turquoise, modern lists recognize Zircon and Tanzanite as equally valid choices for those born in the final month of the year. Each stone carries its own unique history, metaphysical properties, and geological origins, offering a diverse range of options for those seeking a meaningful connection to their birthstone. This article will explore the characteristics of each of these December birthstones, drawing upon available information regarding their history, geological formation, gemological properties, and associated symbolism.
A Historical Perspective on December Birthstones
The concept of birthstones has ancient roots, though the specific assignments have evolved over time. Early civilizations often focused on the color of the stone rather than the specific mineral species, and distinctions between similar gems, such as ruby and garnet, were often blurred. The modern standardization of birthstone lists is a relatively recent development, with variations still existing across different cultures and commercial interests. Turquoise has a long and established history as a December birthstone, while Zircon and Tanzanite gained prominence more recently.
Turquoise: A Stone of Protection and Tranquility
Turquoise, a hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, has been prized for millennia for its striking blue-green hues. It is associated with protection and spiritual tranquility, acting as a purification stone that dispels negative energy. The stone is believed to align with the crown, third eye, and throat chakras, promoting stress relief and clear communication. Wearing a genuine Turquoise pendant, particularly from Arizona, is considered beneficial for emotional well-being.
Blue Zircon: An Underrated Gem with Ancient Origins
Zircon, often mistakenly confused with cubic zirconia, is a naturally occurring gemstone with a history stretching back to ancient times. It is one of the oldest materials on Earth and exhibits a wide range of colors, though blue is the most popular variety for December birthstones. Zircon is believed to balance an individual’s virtuous aspects by channeling cosmic energies through the crown chakra and into the other chakras. Its hardness ranges from 6.5 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale.
Tanzanite: A Modern Gem with High Vibration Energy
Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery made in 1967, is a vibrant violet-blue mineral used for healing the third eye and crown chakras. It possesses a high vibration energy, making it an ideal crystal for those seeking a deeper connection with the higher realms. Tanzanite is a modern addition to the December birthstone family, offering a unique and captivating alternative to traditional choices.
Geological Formation and Sources
The geological origins of these three birthstones differ significantly. Turquoise forms in relatively shallow deposits, often as a secondary mineral in weathered volcanic rocks. Primary sources for Turquoise are Australia, Mexico, and Idaho.
Zircon crystals are found in a variety of igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks, and are also concentrated in alluvial deposits. Major zircon mines are located in Brazil, Mexico, and Sri Lanka.
Tanzanite, in contrast, is exceptionally rare and is found in only one location: the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania. This limited source contributes to its value and desirability.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
Each of these December birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties.
| Property | Turquoise | Blue Zircon | Tanzanite |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O | ZrSiO4 | Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 5-6 | 6.5-7.5 | 6-7 |
| Color | Blue-Green | Blue | Violet-Blue |
| Transparency | Opaque | Transparent/Translucent | Transparent |
| Sources | Australia, Mexico, Idaho | Brazil, Mexico, Sri Lanka | Tanzania |
Zircon is noted for its brilliance, sometimes used as a diamond substitute due to its high refractive index. Topaz, sometimes associated with November, has a Mohs hardness of 8 and a distinct cleavage plane that requires careful cutting to prevent damage.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise is associated with protection, tranquility, and positive energy. It is believed to dispel negativity and promote emotional balance. Zircon is thought to balance virtuous aspects and channel cosmic energies, while Tanzanite is linked to spiritual connection and heightened intuition.
Other birthstones also carry significant symbolism. Ruby, the traditional July birthstone, is connected to vitality, love, and light, and was popular among warriors and royalty for its protective qualities. Emerald, the May birthstone, is associated with rebirth and love. Opal, a birthstone for both June and October, is considered a reflective stone that amplifies positive vibes.
Alternative Birthstones and Expanding Choices
The concept of alternative birthstones provides a wider range of options for those seeking a gem with specific properties or aesthetic preferences. For example, Garnet, traditionally associated with January, comes in a variety of colors beyond red, including orange, pink, and even green. Moonstone, a June birthstone, is linked to new beginnings and emotional openness. Citrine, a November birthstone, is believed to manifest abundance and promote positive energy.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and integrity of any gemstone. Turquoise, being relatively soft, is susceptible to scratches and should be protected from harsh chemicals and impacts. Zircon, with its moderate hardness, requires gentle cleaning with mild soap and warm water. Tanzanite, while durable, can be damaged by ultrasonic cleaners and should be cleaned with a soft cloth.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – Turquoise, Blue Zircon, and Tanzanite – represent a diverse and captivating collection of gems. Each stone possesses a unique history, geological origin, and metaphysical significance, offering a meaningful connection for those born in the final month of the year. From the ancient protective qualities of Turquoise to the modern spiritual energy of Tanzanite and the underrated brilliance of Zircon, these gemstones provide a spectrum of choices for those seeking beauty, symbolism, and a touch of geological wonder.