December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon – each offering a unique shade of blue and a rich history. While historically other gems like Ruby, Lapis Lazuli, and even Chrysoprase were associated with the month, these three, along with Blue Topaz, currently represent December’s birthstone selection. This diversity allows individuals born in December to choose a gem that resonates with their personal style and preferences. The stones carry meanings ranging from wisdom and protection to joy and emotional balance, reflecting the varied symbolism accumulated over centuries.
A Historical Tapestry of December Gems
The association of gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient civilizations, where it was believed that wearing the correct stone at the right time could bestow special powers. This tradition evolved into the modern practice of choosing birthstones to honor one’s month of birth. Turquoise, arguably the most traditional December birthstone, has been treasured for millennia, with evidence of its use dating back to ancient Egypt and China. In Tibet, turquoise is considered a national treasure, highlighting its enduring cultural significance.
Ruby also held a place as a December birthstone in ancient times, believed to sharpen the mind and encourage courtly love. Chrysoprase was the old Russian birthstone for December, thought to bring good fortune and mend broken hearts. Onyx, the Tibetan birthstone for December, offered self-mastery and protective energy. Bloodstone, another traditional choice, was a stone of courage and vigor.
However, the modern selection shifted over time. Lapis Lazuli was considered a December birthstone prior to the 1950s, representing self-mastery and protection. After 1952, Zircon replaced Lapis Lazuli as a recognized December birthstone. More recently, Tanzanite was added to the list in 2002, becoming a recognized December birthstone in the United States. This addition reflects the gem’s relatively recent discovery and growing popularity.
Geological Origins and Sources
Turquoise is a semi-translucent combination of copper and aluminum phosphate, formed through chemical interactions between acidic groundwater and minerals containing aluminum and phosphorus. Its characteristic blue-green hue is a result of these mineral compositions.
Zircon, known for its variety of colors, including blue, golden, red, and clear, is a zirconium silicate mineral.
Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery, was first unearthed in Tanzania in 1967. It exhibits a violet-blue shimmer often compared to sapphire.
The sources for these gems are geographically diverse. Turquoise is mined in areas where the specific geological conditions for its formation exist. Historically, Egypt and China were significant sources, and it continues to be found in various locations worldwide. Tanzanite, as its name suggests, is exclusively sourced from Tanzania. Zircon is found in a wider range of locations, contributing to its availability in various colors.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
Each of the December birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties. Turquoise ranges from blue to green in color and often displays veins of matrix, remnants of the rock in which it formed. It is a semi-translucent to opaque gem. Tanzanite displays blue and violet hues, with the blue variety considered the most valuable. It is often described as “velvety” due to its deep, saturated color. Zircon exhibits a wider range of colors, including blue, golden, red, and clear, and can sparkle like a diamond.
| Property | Turquoise | Tanzanite | Zircon |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) | ZrSiO₄ |
| Color | Blue to Green | Blue, Violet | Blue, Golden, Red, Clear |
| Transparency | Semi-translucent to Opaque | Transparent to Translucent | Transparent |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 5-6 | 6-7 | 6.5-7.5 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these December birthstones have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise has long been believed to possess beneficial powers, guaranteeing health and good fortune. It was thought to protect wearers from falls and ward off disaster. Hindu mystics believed that viewing turquoise after a new moon would bring wealth.
Tanzanite is associated with intuition and vitality. It is believed to facilitate the sharing of spiritual information with calmness and clarity.
Zircon is thought to encourage joy and emotional balance. Blue Zircon, in particular, is often linked to these qualities.
Other historical December birthstones also carried specific beliefs. Ruby was believed to sharpen the mind and encourage courtly love. Chrysoprase was thought to bring good fortune and heal broken hearts. Onyx offered self-mastery and protective energy, while Bloodstone was a stone of courage and renewed vigor.
Care and Maintenance
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and integrity of these December birthstones. While specific care instructions vary depending on the gem, some general guidelines apply. All gemstones are unique and variations in color and inclusions are natural. Regular cleansing and energizing are recommended. Bathing the stones in full moonlight can help energize them, while placing them on selenite or moving them through sage smoke can cleanse them. It is advisable to remove jewelry daily to allow the gemstones to rest.
Considering the Mohs hardness scale, Turquoise (5-6) is relatively soft and requires gentle handling to avoid scratches. Tanzanite (6-7) and Zircon (6.5-7.5) are more durable but still susceptible to damage from harsh impacts or abrasive materials. Regular cleaning with a soft cloth and mild soap is recommended for all three stones. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as these can damage the gems.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon – represent a captivating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From the ancient reverence for Turquoise to the recent discovery of Tanzanite, each gem carries a unique story and offers a distinct aesthetic appeal. The diversity of these birthstones allows individuals born in December to select a gem that resonates with their personal preferences and beliefs, celebrating the month’s rich heritage and vibrant energy. The enduring appeal of these stones lies not only in their beauty but also in the centuries of meaning and lore associated with them, making them treasured possessions for generations to come.