Aquamarine serves as the traditional birthstone for March, though bloodstone is also recognized as an alternate. This gemstone, ranging in color from pale to light blues and even yellowish-blues, holds a significant place in both history and modern jewelry. Its association with the sea is reflected in its very name, derived from the Latin “aqua marina,” meaning “seawater.” This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism of aquamarine, providing a comprehensive overview of this captivating gem.
History and Lore
The origins of associating gemstones with specific months are rooted in ancient traditions. While the modern practice of assigning a single gem to each month is relatively recent, dating back to the 16th-18th centuries, the concept itself has biblical origins. Historians suggest a connection between the twelve gemstones adorning the breastplate of Aaron and the twelve tribes of Israel. Later, Josephus and St. Jerome linked these gems to the zodiac signs, believing each stone offered unique powers during its corresponding astrological period. Initially, people collected all twelve gems for year-round use as talismans or for therapeutic benefits.
The practice of focusing on a single birthstone per month emerged between the 16th and 18th centuries, with the initial lists originating in Poland. The modern birthstone list, released by the National Association of Jewelers in 1912 in the United States, prioritized transparent gems. Today, individuals often choose from both traditional and modern lists, selecting the stones that appeal to them most.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine is a variety of the mineral beryl, a beryllium aluminum silicate with the chemical formula Be3Al2(Si6O18). Beryl crystallizes within the hexagonal system. Other notable beryl varieties include emerald (blue-green to green), goshenite (colorless), morganite (pink to violet), and golden beryl (heliodor). A rare red beryl is also found in Utah.
The formation of aquamarine, like other beryls, requires specific geological conditions. While the sources do not detail the exact formation process, the presence of beryllium, aluminum, and silicon in pegmatitic environments is crucial.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine exhibits a range of properties that define its gemological characteristics. On the Mohs hardness scale, it ranges from 7.5 to 8, indicating good durability suitable for jewelry. It possesses imperfect cleavage and a vitreous luster. Optically, aquamarine is uniaxial negative, and some specimens may display strong dichroism. Its refractive index falls between approximately 1.57-1.58 and 1.58-1.59.
Inclusions within aquamarine can include mica, hematite, and liquid-filled tubes or hoses. These liquid inclusions often contain salt water and can expand significantly when overheated, potentially causing fractures or, in rare cases, even explosions within the gem.
It is important to note that the name “aquamarine” has historically been used to modify other materials, such as “aquamarine tourmaline” or “aquamarine topaz,” indicating a color resemblance rather than a compositional relationship.
The following table summarizes key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 7.5 - 8 |
| Cleavage | Imperfect |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Optical System | Uniaxial Negative |
| Refractive Index | 1.57-1.58 to 1.58-1.59 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
While the provided sources do not extensively detail metaphysical beliefs surrounding aquamarine, its association with the sea naturally lends itself to symbolism of tranquility, clarity, and courage. The name itself evokes images of calm waters and expansive horizons. The sources do not provide specific historical or cultural beliefs regarding aquamarine’s powers.
Care and Cleaning
The sources do not provide specific care instructions for aquamarine. However, given its hardness of 7.5-8 on the Mohs scale, it is relatively durable and suitable for everyday wear. It is advisable to avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, as the liquid inclusions may be affected by heat or vibrations. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush is generally recommended.
Modern and Traditional Birthstones
The distinction between modern and traditional birthstones arose in the early 20th century. The National Association of Jewelers released a list of “modern birthstones” in 1912, which generally included only transparent gems. This shift likely aimed to cater to evolving tastes and provide more options for contemporary jewelry designs. However, traditional birthstones, like bloodstone for March, continue to hold popularity, often being more readily available and affordable than their modern counterparts. In the United States, individuals are free to choose from either list based on personal preference.
Conclusion
Aquamarine, the traditional birthstone for March, is a captivating gem with a rich history and appealing aesthetic qualities. From its ancient origins linked to biblical traditions and zodiac signs to its modern recognition as a symbol of serenity and courage, aquamarine continues to enchant gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry lovers alike. Its geological formation as a variety of beryl, coupled with its durable physical properties, makes it a desirable gemstone for a wide range of jewelry applications. The choice between aquamarine and bloodstone as a March birthstone ultimately comes down to personal preference, reflecting the enduring appeal of both traditional and modern gemological traditions.