For millennia, the sapphire has captivated humanity with its rich color and enduring symbolism. As the recognized birthstone for September, this gemstone embodies qualities of wisdom, loyalty, and nobility. While most commonly associated with a deep blue hue, sapphires actually occur in a remarkable spectrum of colors, making them a versatile and cherished gem. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance of the September birthstone, the sapphire.
History and Lore
The history of the sapphire is deeply interwoven with the beliefs and practices of ancient civilizations. The name “sapphire” itself originates from the Greek word sappheiros, and the Latin sapphirus, both meaning “blue” or “precious stone.” Ancient Greeks and Romans held sapphires in high regard, believing the gemstone offered protection from harm and envy. Within ancient Greece, sapphires were specifically associated with the deities Zeus and Apollo. Medieval Europeans attributed healing properties to the sapphire, believing it could cure plague boils and eye diseases, and even serve as an antidote to poison.
The association with royalty and the clergy is a long-standing one. Blue sapphires adorned the robes of high-ranking clergy, symbolizing Heaven and divine favor. Ancient Persians even held the belief that the earth rested upon a giant sapphire, which was responsible for the blue color of the sky. Throughout history, the sapphire has been a symbol of faithfulness and nobility, qualities that continue to resonate with the gem today. It is also a traditional gift for celebrating the 5th and 45th wedding anniversaries, with Star Sapphire reserved for the 65th.
Geological Formation and Sources
Sapphire belongs to the corundum family, a crystalline form of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). Interestingly, corundum is inherently colorless; the vibrant hues of sapphire – and its red counterpart, ruby – are derived from trace elements within the crystal structure. For example, iron and titanium contribute to blue shades, while chromium creates pink and red tones.
The sources for sapphires are diverse and geographically widespread. While a specific origin point isn’t detailed in the provided sources, the gem has been sought after “in every corner of earth” for its unique color. The sources indicate that sapphires are found in a rainbow of colors, including orange, yellow, green, pink, and purple, in addition to the well-known blue variety.
Gemological Properties
Sapphires are renowned for their durability and brilliance. Belonging to the corundum family, they register a 9 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making them exceptionally resistant to scratching and wear. This hardness, second only to diamond, contributes to their suitability for everyday jewelry. The gem’s chemical formula is Al₂O₃, and its specific gravity varies depending on the trace elements present.
The most recognizable sapphire color is a deep, intense blue, often described as “cornflower blue.” However, as previously mentioned, sapphires exhibit a wide range of colors. The brilliance and clarity of a sapphire are also crucial factors in determining its value. The sources do not provide specific details on clarity grading or cut proportions.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism associated with sapphire is rich and multifaceted. Traditionally, the September birthstone represents sincerity, truth, faithfulness, and nobility. It is believed to promote wisdom and spiritual insight, aligning with the Tarot card, The High Priestess. Different colored sapphires are also linked to specific Tarot cards: yellow sapphires resonate with The Star, representing hope and inspiration, while pink sapphires connect with The Emperor, symbolizing stability and authority.
The gem is also said to symbolize the soul and is associated with royalty and romance. These symbolic meanings contribute to its enduring appeal as a gift and a treasured heirloom.
Alternative September Birthstones
While sapphire is the primary birthstone for September, Lapis Lazuli is recognized as an alternative, particularly in the United Kingdom. Lapis Lazuli also presents a deep royal blue color. Additionally, in the old Tibetan calendar, Agate was considered the birthstone for September. Agate is a banded chalcedony that occurs in a wide variety of colors, including varieties like sardonyx.
September and the Zodiac
Sapphire is associated with two zodiac signs for those born in September: Virgo (September 1-22) and Libra (September 23-30). This dual association reflects the transition from the analytical and practical nature of Virgo to the harmonious and balanced qualities of Libra.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its exceptional hardness, sapphire is a relatively durable gemstone. However, proper care is essential to maintain its brilliance. Sapphires can be safely cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as these could potentially damage the stone’s surface. Regular cleaning will help preserve the sapphire’s luster and ensure it remains a beautiful and cherished possession.
Conclusion
The sapphire stands as a testament to the enduring beauty and symbolic power of gemstones. As the September birthstone, it embodies qualities of wisdom, loyalty, and nobility, while its captivating blue hues evoke feelings of depth and tranquility. From its ancient origins to its modern-day appeal, the sapphire continues to fascinate and inspire, solidifying its place as one of the world’s most beloved and revered gems. Its versatility in color and durability make it a timeless choice for jewelry and a meaningful symbol for those born in the ninth month of the year.