August is a unique month in the world of birthstones, distinguished by having not one, not two, but three associated gemstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. This tradition, evolving over centuries, offers those born in August a diverse selection of gems, each with its own rich history, symbolism, and geological origins. The selection reflects a complex interplay of ancient traditions, evolving gemological understanding, and modern preferences. This article will explore the fascinating stories behind these three August birthstones, detailing their properties, historical significance, and enduring appeal.
A History of Multiple Associations
The association of specific gemstones with months of the year is a tradition rooted in ancient beliefs, with origins traceable to the biblical breastplate of Aaron and the foundation stones of New Jerusalem. The practice of gifting gemstones corresponding to birth months is thought to have originated in Poland or Germany several centuries ago. Over time, different lists of birthstones emerged, leading to variations in which gems were assigned to each month. August, in particular, has seen a shifting landscape of birthstone associations.
Initially, sardonyx held the sole designation as the August birthstone. Later, peridot was added, becoming the primary gemstone for the month. More recently, in 2016, spinel was officially recognized as a third August birthstone, joining June and December as months with multiple designated gems. This evolution reflects regional differences in tradition, as jewelers in North America and Europe sometimes adhere to slightly different birthstone lists.
Peridot: From Volcanic Depths and Outer Space
Peridot, the modern and traditional birthstone for August, is a vibrant yellowish-green to greenish-yellow gem variety of the mineral olivine. Its name’s origin is somewhat unclear, with historical confusion between peridot and other green gems like topaz and emerald. The island of Topazios in the Red Sea, once believed to be a source of topaz, was actually a significant source of peridot.
What sets peridot apart is its unique formation. It is often found in hardened lava, carried from deep within the Earth’s mantle, and remarkably, has even been discovered in meteorites that have traveled from outer space. The Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral features 200 carats of gems once thought to be emeralds, but are, in fact, peridot. Some historians even speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have largely consisted of peridot.
Peridot is associated with responsibility, self-acceptance, and forgiveness. It is believed to aid in manifesting dreams and is a stone that encourages individuals to acknowledge and learn from their mistakes.
Spinel: A Long-Mistaken Identity
Spinel, the newest addition to the August birthstone family, gained official recognition in 2016. For centuries, red spinel was often mistaken for ruby, a gem with which it shares a similar appearance. It wasn’t until advancements in gemological testing allowed for accurate identification that spinel was appreciated for its own unique qualities. This underappreciation historically contributed to its lower market value, but today, spinel is gaining popularity as consumers seek alternatives to more expensive gemstones.
Spinel is available in a wide range of colors, including red, pink, blue, purple, and black. It is a durable gemstone, suitable for a variety of jewelry settings. Spinel is believed to connect individuals to their guardians, build self-respect, and foster creativity.
Sardonyx: An Ancient Legacy
Sardonyx holds the distinction of being the original August birthstone, with a history stretching back over 4,000 years. This stone is a variety of onyx, characterized by parallel bands of sard (a reddish-brown chalcedony) and onyx (a black chalcedony).
While peridot gained prominence in the 20th century, sardonyx remains a strong protective stone, radiating positive energy and enhancing confidence, optimism, and joy. It represents strength and courage, and has been valued throughout history for its perceived protective qualities.
Gemological Properties at a Glance
While each gemstone possesses unique characteristics, a comparative overview of their key properties is helpful:
| Property | Peridot | Spinel | Sardonyx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄ | MgAl₂O₄ | SiO₂ |
| Color | Yellowish-Green to Green | Variety of colors | Banded Red-Brown & Black |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 | 8 | 6.5 - 7 |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic | Cubic | Trigonal |
| Luster | Vitreous | Vitreous | Vitreous |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of the August birthstones carries distinct symbolism and is associated with various metaphysical beliefs. Peridot is linked to forgiveness, growth, and renewal. Spinel is believed to inspire creativity, vitality, and connection to one’s inner self. Sardonyx is associated with strength, courage, and protection.
Those born in August are often described as strong-willed, practical, and natural leaders. They are known for their high expectations and ability to organize and motivate others. The diverse range of birthstones available to August babies allows individuals to choose a gem that resonates with their personality and aspirations.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of these August birthstones requires understanding their individual properties. Peridot, with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, is relatively soft and susceptible to scratching. It should be stored separately from harder gemstones and cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth.
Spinel, with a hardness of 8, is more durable and can withstand more wear and tear. It can be cleaned using similar methods as peridot. Sardonyx, also with a hardness of 6.5 to 7, requires gentle handling and should be protected from harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaners. Regular cleaning with a soft cloth will help maintain its luster.
The Enduring Appeal of August Birthstones
The three birthstones of August – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a captivating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From peridot’s volcanic origins and Cleopatra’s alleged fondness for the gem, to spinel’s long-held mistaken identity and sardonyx’s ancient legacy, each stone offers a unique story. The availability of three birthstones allows individuals born in August to select a gem that truly reflects their personality and resonates with their individual spirit. These gemstones continue to be cherished for their beauty, durability, and the enduring beliefs associated with their captivating colors and origins.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a fascinating convergence of historical tradition, geological wonder, and metaphysical belief. The evolution of their designation, from sardonyx as the sole representative to the addition of peridot and, finally, spinel, reflects a dynamic understanding of gemstones and their significance. Each stone offers a unique aesthetic and symbolic value, providing August-born individuals with a diverse and meaningful selection to choose from. Their enduring appeal lies not only in their beauty but also in the rich tapestry of stories and beliefs woven into their very essence.