Peridot, a vibrant green gemstone, holds the distinction of being a primary birthstone for August, alongside spinel and sardonyx. Revered for its captivating color and historical significance, peridot has been prized for millennia, adorning royalty, symbolizing peace, and believed to possess protective qualities. This article delves into the fascinating world of peridot, exploring its geological origins, historical lore, gemological properties, and enduring appeal.
History and Lore
Peridot boasts a rich history stretching back thousands of years. Its origins are deeply intertwined with ancient civilizations, often mistaken for other, more highly valued gemstones like emeralds and topaz. The island of Topazios in the Red Sea was, in fact, a primary source of peridot, leading to the initial misnomer of “topaz” for the gem. Sources indicate that the gem was highly valued by the ancient Egyptians, with some believing that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection actually consisted largely of peridot.
The stone’s significance extends beyond Egypt. References to peridot appear in biblical texts, alongside sardonyx and topaz, as one of the original birthstones associated with the breastplate of the High Priest. Some scholars suggest that historical references to topaz may have, in fact, been referring to peridot due to the similarity in color.
In Hawaiian tradition, peridot is deeply connected to Pele, the volcanic goddess, and is considered to be her tears. This association stems from the gem’s formation in volcanic rock and its occasional discovery within meteorites, adding to its mystique. The gem’s presence in fallen meteorites, though often yielding stones too small for jewelry, further contributes to its otherworldly allure.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is formed under extreme geological conditions, primarily within the Earth’s mantle. It is a gem variety of the mineral olivine, composed of magnesium and iron ((Mg,Fe)2 SiO4). The presence of iron is responsible for peridot’s characteristic green hues, with the intensity of the color directly related to the amount of iron present.
The gem is brought to the surface through volcanic activity, found within hardened lava flows. However, its origins aren’t solely terrestrial; peridot has also been discovered within pallasite meteorites, offering a unique extraterrestrial source.
Historically, Egypt was a significant source of peridot, particularly from the island of Topazios. Today, notable sources include Myanmar (Burma), known for its large, richly colored stones, and Vietnam, which produces peridot with a diverse range of green shades. Other sources include Pakistan, China, and, notably, Arizona in the United States. Hawaiian peridot, linked to the legend of Pele, also holds cultural significance, though commercial mining is limited.
Gemological Properties
Peridot exhibits distinct gemological properties that define its identity and value. Its color ranges from yellowish-green to greenish-yellow, with the most desirable stones displaying a pure, vibrant green. The intensity of the color is a key factor in determining its value, with deeper, more saturated greens being more prized.
Here's a summary of peridot’s key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Mg,Fe)2 SiO4 |
| Mineral | Olivine |
| Color | Yellowish-green to greenish-yellow |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Specific Gravity | 3.34 - 3.48 |
Peridot’s hardness ranges from 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it durable enough for everyday wear, though it is susceptible to scratching and chipping. Jewelers often recommend bezel settings, particularly for rings, to provide added protection. Peridot possesses a vitreous luster, giving it a bright, glassy appearance. It is also known as the “evening emerald” due to its ability to sparkle under both natural and artificial light.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. Its bright green color is often associated with good health, peace, and harmony. It is popularly known as the “gem of compassion,” believed to bring renewal and make “all things new.”
Peridot is also believed to possess protective qualities, warding off evil and nightmares. Some believe it sharpens the mind, opens the heart to growth, and helps individuals reveal their true purpose. It is associated with restful sleep and is said to calm anger and alleviate depression.
As a birthstone for August, peridot is linked to the zodiac sign Leo, whose vibrant energy aligns with the stone’s warm green color and symbolic connection to vitality and renewal. It is also the traditional gemstone for celebrating a 15th wedding anniversary, symbolizing enduring love and prosperity.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of peridot requires gentle care. Due to its moderate hardness, it is susceptible to scratches and chips. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners, as they can damage the stone. Instead, clean peridot jewelry with mild soap and warm water, using a soft brush to remove any dirt or grime.
It is recommended to store peridot jewelry separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches. Avoid exposing peridot to harsh chemicals or extreme temperatures. Regular cleaning and careful storage will help preserve its luster and brilliance for years to come.
Conclusion
Peridot, the captivating green birthstone of August, is a gem steeped in history, lore, and geological wonder. From its ancient origins in Egypt and its association with volcanic goddesses to its unique formation in meteorites, peridot continues to fascinate and inspire. Its vibrant color, symbolic meaning, and moderate durability make it a cherished gemstone for jewelry lovers and a meaningful gift for those born in August. As a stone of renewal, compassion, and protection, peridot remains a timeless treasure, connecting us to the Earth’s deep history and the mysteries of the cosmos.