August boasts a unique distinction among birth months: not one, but three recognized birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. This variety offers a spectrum of color and symbolism for those born in the eighth month of the year, reflecting a rich history and evolving gemological preferences. While peridot has long held prominence as the primary August birthstone, spinel’s recent addition in 2016 and the enduring presence of sardonyx provide a diverse selection for personal expression and meaningful adornment. This article will explore the geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and cultural meanings associated with each of these captivating gemstones.
History and Lore
The history of August birthstones is one of gradual evolution. Sardonyx holds the distinction of being the traditional August birthstone, with a history stretching back to ancient civilizations. However, peridot gained official recognition as the August birthstone in 1912, and more recently, in 2016, spinel was added to the list by both the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) and Jewelers of America (JA). This expansion reflects a desire to offer consumers a wider range of choices based on color, affordability, and availability.
Peridot’s history is particularly noteworthy, with evidence of its use dating back thousands of years. Ancient Egyptians revered peridot, referring to it as the “gem of the sun,” and believed it possessed healing properties and protected against nightmares. It was often associated with royalty and power.
Spinel, while historically often mistaken for ruby, has a fascinating past of its own. For centuries, large red spinels were believed to be rubies, adorning the British Crown Jewels, for example. It wasn’t until the 18th century that spinel was recognized as a distinct mineral species.
Sardonyx, a variety of chalcedony, has been used for centuries in intaglios and cameos due to its banded structure. Ancient Greeks and Romans valued it for its perceived protective qualities, particularly for warriors.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of these August birthstones originates through distinct geological processes and is found in specific locations around the globe. Peridot is relatively unique in that it forms deep within the Earth’s mantle and is brought to the surface through volcanic activity. Common sources include India, Brazil, Germany, Uruguay, and the United States. The vibrant green color of peridot stems from the presence of iron within its crystal structure.
Spinel forms in metamorphic rocks and alluvial deposits. Significant sources include Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and Thailand. The diverse range of spinel colors – red, pink, orange, blue, and even black – is a result of trace elements within its composition.
Sardonyx, being a variety of chalcedony, forms in sedimentary environments. It is found in Brazil, India, and other locations known for chalcedony deposits. Its characteristic banded appearance is created by alternating layers of sard (reddish-brown) and onyx (white).
Gemological Properties
The gemological properties of peridot, spinel, and sardonyx differ significantly, contributing to their unique appearances and characteristics.
Peridot: Peridot consistently exhibits a green color, ranging from bright yellow-green to olive. It is known for its vitreous luster and typically occurs in small sizes, making larger, high-quality stones particularly valuable.
Spinel: Spinel boasts a wider color range than peridot, with red being the most prized. It also exhibits a vitreous luster and is known for its excellent clarity. Different colors of spinel have been given industry-specific names, such as rubicelle (yellow-orange), almandine (purple), sapphirine (blue), and chlorospinel (green).
Sardonyx: Sardonyx is characterized by its banded appearance, featuring layers of reddish-brown and white. It has a waxy luster and is relatively affordable compared to peridot and spinel.
A comparative overview of key properties is presented below:
| Property | Peridot | Spinel | Sardonyx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Color | Green | Red, Pink, Blue, Black | Red/Brown & White |
| Luster | Vitreous | Vitreous | Waxy |
| Transparency | Transparent | Transparent | Translucent |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 | 8 | 6.5 - 7 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these August birthstones has been attributed with specific meanings and metaphysical properties. Peridot is often associated with joy, abundance, healing, strength, and good fortune. It is believed to ward off negative energy and protect against nightmares, symbolizing prosperity and personal growth.
Spinel is considered a stone of renewal, vitality, and inspiration. It represents passion, energy, and hope, encouraging perseverance and humility in the face of challenges. Red spinel, in particular, is often linked to the heart and associated with love and courage.
Sardonyx symbolizes strength, stability, and protection. It is believed to instill courage and provide a sense of grounding, offering a shield against negativity.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of peridot, spinel, and sardonyx requires specific care based on their individual properties. Peridot, with a hardness of 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, is relatively delicate and susceptible to scratching. It should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals.
Spinel, with a hardness of 8, is more durable than peridot and can withstand more rigorous cleaning. However, it is still advisable to use warm, soapy water and a soft brush.
Sardonyx, also with a hardness of 6.5-7, should be cleaned gently with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid abrasive cleaners that could damage its banded surface.
Choosing Between the Three
The choice between peridot, spinel, and sardonyx ultimately depends on personal preference and desired symbolism. Peridot offers a vibrant green hue and represents prosperity and joy. Spinel provides a wider range of colors and embodies renewal and vitality. Sardonyx offers a classic banded appearance and symbolizes strength and protection. Each gemstone presents a unique opportunity to celebrate an August birthday with a meaningful and beautiful piece of jewelry.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a captivating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From the ancient reverence for peridot as the “gem of the sun” to the recent recognition of spinel as a vibrant alternative, these gemstones offer a diverse range of choices for those born in August. Each stone carries unique meanings and properties, making them not only beautiful adornments but also powerful symbols of personal growth, strength, and vitality. The expanding list of August birthstones reflects a growing appreciation for the diversity and beauty of the gem world, providing a wider spectrum of options for celebrating life’s milestones.