The month of August is unique in the world of birthstones, boasting not one, but three gemstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. Each of these gems carries its own distinct history, geological origins, and aesthetic qualities, offering a diverse range of choices for those born in August or seeking a meaningful gemstone connection to this time of year. While the modern practice of assigning single birthstones to each month is relatively recent, the tradition of associating gemstones with specific periods dates back to ancient times. This article will explore the origins, properties, and significance of these three August birthstones, drawing upon available historical and gemological information.
A History of Association
The concept of birthstones has evolved significantly over time. Its roots lie in the biblical breastplate of Aaron, which featured twelve gemstones believed to correspond to the tribes of Israel. Later, in the 1st and 5th centuries CE, Josephus and St. Jerome began linking these gems to the signs of the zodiac, suggesting that each stone possessed special powers during its corresponding astrological period. Initially, the practice involved collecting and wearing all twelve gems throughout the year for therapeutic benefits. The modern association of a single gem to each month, and the practice of wearing only the stone connected to one’s birth month, emerged between the 16th and 18th centuries, with a formalized list of “traditional birthstones” originating in Poland. The National Association of Jewelers in the United States released a list of “modern birthstones” in 1912, further solidifying these associations.
Peridot: The Olive-Green Gem
Peridot, known for its vivid lime green to greenish-yellow hue, is perhaps the most well-known of the August birthstones. This gem is a variety of the mineral olivine, and its formation occurs under extreme conditions, often found within hardened lava carried from deep within the Earth’s mantle, and even within meteorites originating from outer space. Historically, peridot was often confused with other green gems, such as topaz and emerald. The island of Topazios in the Red Sea, from which the name “topaz” is derived, was actually a significant source of peridot.
Throughout history, peridot has been highly valued. Some historians speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have actually consisted largely of peridot. The Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral is adorned with 200 carats of gems once believed to be emeralds, but now identified as peridot. This demonstrates the gem’s long-standing appeal and its historical misidentification as a more valuable stone.
Spinel: A Ruby Imposter Revealed
Spinel, often mistaken for ruby or sapphire, is a relatively recent addition to widespread recognition as a distinct gemstone. For centuries, red spinel was frequently misidentified as ruby, even appearing in historical collections under that guise. It wasn’t until more recent times, as consumer preferences shifted towards seeking alternatives to ruby, that spinel began to be appreciated for its own unique qualities.
The gem’s chemical composition and crystal structure differ from ruby and sapphire, giving it a distinct character. Spinel comes in a variety of colors, including red, pink, blue, and black, offering a diverse palette for jewelry design.
Sardonyx: A Banded Gem of Antiquity
Sardonyx holds the distinction of being the original August birthstone, with a history stretching back over 4,000 years. This gem is a variety of chalcedony, characterized by its alternating layers of sard (reddish-brown) and onyx (black), creating a distinctive zebra-striped appearance with white bands.
While its prominence has diminished with the introduction of peridot and spinel as additional August birthstones, sardonyx remains a historically significant gem with a rich cultural heritage.
Gemological Properties
While detailed gemological data is limited within the provided sources, some key properties can be summarized.
Peridot: A variety of olivine, known for its green color. Spinel: Often mistaken for ruby or sapphire, available in a range of colors. Sardonyx: A banded chalcedony, featuring layers of sard and onyx.
A comparative table, though limited by available data, can be constructed:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Color | Historical Confusion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | Olivine | Yellowish-green to greenish-yellow | Often mistaken for emerald and topaz |
| Spinel | Complex magnesium aluminum oxide | Red, pink, blue, black | Frequently mistaken for ruby and sapphire |
| Sardonyx | Chalcedony (layers of sard and onyx) | Reddish-brown and black banded | N/A |
Symbolism and Lore
The sources do not provide extensive details regarding the symbolism and lore associated with these birthstones. However, the general belief surrounding birthstones is that they can positively impact the wearer’s life, potentially forecasting their nature according to their birth month. Astrologers believe that wearing one’s birthstone can bring about positive changes and healing to the body, mind, and soul. The sources also mention that, according to Vedic astrology, opal (associated with October) represents wealth, luxury, passion, marriage, and worldly pleasures. While this refers to a different birthstone, it illustrates the broader belief in the metaphysical properties attributed to gemstones. Ruby, the July birthstone, is believed to activate the Manipura or Navel Chakra, clearing self-doubt and depression and fostering self-confidence.
Purchasing and Availability
The sources mention that all three August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – are available for purchase, with options ranging from natural gemstones to lab-created alternatives like cubic zirconia. The availability of different varieties and qualities will influence the price and overall value of each gem.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a fascinating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From the ancient origins of sardonyx to the recent appreciation of spinel and the long-standing allure of peridot, these gems offer a diverse range of choices for those seeking a connection to the month of August. While the modern association of birthstones is a relatively recent development, the practice of linking gemstones to specific periods and attributing them with special powers dates back centuries, reflecting a deep-rooted human fascination with the beauty and mystique of these natural treasures.