September boasts a remarkable array of birthstones, far exceeding the singular association often presented. While sapphire is widely recognized as the primary September birthstone, a fascinating collection of gems – including peridot, zircon, agate, moonstone, sardonyx, lapis lazuli, jasper, citrine, and carnelian – also hold significance for those born in this autumnal month. These stones, steeped in history, lore, and diverse geological origins, offer a spectrum of choices for those seeking a meaningful connection to their birthstone. This article will delve into the characteristics, history, and symbolism of these September gems, drawing exclusively from available sources.
A Historical Tapestry of September Birthstones
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month of the year evolved over centuries. Ancient Greeks and Romans believed sapphires offered protection from harm and envy, while medieval Europeans attributed healing powers to the stone, believing it could cure plague boils and eye diseases, and even act as an antidote to poison. The elite of these civilizations adorned themselves with sapphires, signifying their status and seeking the gem’s protective qualities. Ancient Persians even held the belief that the earth rested upon a giant sapphire, responsible for the sky’s blue hue.
Beyond sapphire, the historical use of other September birthstones is equally intriguing. Lapis lazuli, for example, has been mined since 700 BC in Afghanistan, and was linked to intuition and truth. Zircon, considered the oldest mineral on Earth, held a prominent place in the Hindu calendar. Even seemingly less-celebrated stones like sardonyx and agate have a long history of use in jewelry and ornamentation.
Sapphire: The Premier September Gem
The most commonly recognized September birthstone, sapphire, belongs to the corundum species, with ruby being its red variety. Sapphires are celebrated for their durability and vibrant colors, though blue remains the most popular and readily available hue. “Sapphire” originates from the Greek word sappheiros. While blue sapphires are simply referred to as “sapphire,” other colors are designated as “fancy colored” sapphires, such as purple or green sapphire. The evaluation of a sapphire’s color considers its hue, tone, and saturation.
Sapphires have long been associated with sincerity, faithfulness, and nobility, making them a favored gem among royalty and clergy. Their enduring appeal stems not only from their beauty but also from the rich symbolism they carry.
Beyond Blue: Exploring Alternative September Gems
While sapphire reigns supreme, the other September birthstones offer unique qualities and histories.
Peridot: The Stone of Compassion
Peridot, sometimes historically confused with Chrysolite (an older term used even in the Bible), is a vibrant green gem containing chromium, nickel, and iron. It is relatively inexpensive and is associated with compassion, emotional balance, cheer, and peace.
Zircon: A Luminescent Ancient
Zircon, often mistakenly confused with cubic zirconia (a diamond imitation), is a natural gemstone of considerable worth and is considered the oldest mineral on Earth. It appears in a wide range of colors, with blue being particularly popular. Zircon is known for its high luminescence and vitreous to adamantine luster. It is believed to provide guidance and grounding.
Agate: Banded Beauty from Volcanic Rock
Agate, a semiprecious stone found in volcanic rock, is a form of quartz characterized by its banded layers and diverse colors, often displaying yellows, ambers, and browns. Agates are frequently fashioned into cabochons and beads, showcasing their intricate patterns. Spiritually, agate is believed to enhance concentration, promote positive thinking, and eliminate negativity.
Moonstone: The Schiller Effect and Intuition
Moonstone derives its name from its unique “Schiller effect,” a luminous glow reminiscent of moonlight. It appears in various colors, including blue, pink, black, peach, and white. Historically, a myth suggested that holding moonstone in the mouth during a full moon would grant the ability to see the future. Moonstone is valued for its ability to lower stress, calm the mind, sharpen intuition, and inspire creativity.
Sardonyx: Layers of History
Sardonyx is a combination of sard (a chalcedony variety) and onyx, resulting in stones with distinct layers resembling sedimentary rock. This layering makes sardonyx popular for creating cameos. It is believed to have healing properties, aiding recovery from illness, and enhancing the five senses.
Lapis Lazuli: A Stone of Intuition and Truth
Lapis lazuli is a striking blue stone composed of lazurite, pyrite, and calcite. The intensity of the blue color, derived from lazurite, determines its value, with samples lacking calcite streaks being the most prized. Mined in Afghanistan since 700 BC, lapis lazuli is linked to intuition, truth, and the third eye chakra.
Jasper: The Supreme Nurturer
Jasper, another variety of chalcedony, typically appears in orange and reddish hues, often displaying intricate patterns. It is considered the “supreme nurturer,” promoting calmness during stressful times and balancing Yin and Yang energies.
Citrine: Attracting Wealth and Self-Expression
Citrine, a fall-colored gem, is known for its orange-yellow tones and a Mohs hardness of 7, making it relatively durable. It is also the birthstone for November and the gem associated with the 13th wedding anniversary. Citrine is believed to attract wealth, success, and encourage self-expression.
Carnelian: Porous and Vibrant
Carnelian forms from the combination of silica materials and iron oxide. These stones are porous and often dyed to enhance their color stability.
Gemological Considerations
While a comprehensive gemological profile for each September birthstone is beyond the scope of the available sources, some general observations can be made. Citrine, for example, has a Mohs hardness of 7, indicating good durability. Agate, being a form of quartz, also possesses notable hardness. The luminescence of zircon and the Schiller effect of moonstone are unique optical properties that contribute to their appeal. The layered structure of sardonyx and agate is a result of their formation processes.
Conclusion
September’s birthstones represent a diverse and captivating collection of gems, each with its own unique history, symbolism, and geological origins. While sapphire is the most widely recognized September birthstone, the inclusion of peridot, zircon, agate, moonstone, sardonyx, lapis lazuli, jasper, citrine, and carnelian provides a rich tapestry of choices for those seeking a meaningful connection to their birth month. These stones, cherished for centuries, continue to inspire and enchant with their beauty and enduring symbolism.