December, the final month of the year, is associated with four distinct birthstones: turquoise, tanzanite, blue topaz, and zircon. These gemstones are not only celebrated for their vibrant colors and unique properties but also for their deep historical and cultural significance. In this article, we will explore these December birthstones in detail, with a particular focus on their use in gold rings. We will examine their geological formation, gemological properties, historical lore, and modern applications in jewelry, especially in gold settings.
History and Lore of December Birthstones
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months of the year dates back centuries. The concept of birthstones can be traced to the Breastplate of Aaron, mentioned in the Old Testament of the Bible. This artifact was said to contain twelve gemstones, each representing one of the twelve tribes of Israel. Over time, these stones were linked to the twelve months of the year, forming the basis for the modern birthstone tradition.
December, being the final month of the year, is associated with four distinct gemstones: turquoise, tanzanite, blue topaz, and zircon. Each of these stones has a rich history and unique symbolism:
Turquoise: Turquoise has been used for thousands of years across various cultures, including ancient Egypt, Persia, and the Americas. It was highly valued for its beauty and believed to possess protective and healing properties. In ancient Egypt, turquoise was associated with the gods and was used in jewelry and amulets to ward off evil and bring good fortune.
Tanzanite: Discovered in 1967 in Tanzania, tanzanite is a relatively modern gemstone. It was named after its country of origin and quickly gained popularity due to its vibrant blue to violet hues. Tanzanite is often associated with transformation, intuition, and spiritual awakening.
Blue Topaz: Blue topaz is a popular gemstone that has been used in jewelry for centuries. It is known for its clarity and brilliance, and it is often associated with wisdom, strength, and protection. In ancient times, blue topaz was believed to have calming properties and was used in various forms of jewelry.
Zircon: Zircon has been used as a gemstone for centuries, with some of the oldest zircon crystals found in ancient India and Sri Lanka. It is known for its fiery brilliance and is often associated with strength, stability, and grounding. Zircon is also believed to have metaphysical properties, including the ability to enhance one's vitality and energy.
These gemstones have not only been cherished for their aesthetic appeal but also for their symbolic meanings. In December, when the days are shorter and the nights are longer, these stones are believed to bring warmth, strength, and protection to those who wear them.
Geological Formation and Sources of December Birthstones
Each of the December birthstones has a unique geological formation process and is found in specific regions around the world. Understanding the formation and sources of these gemstones can provide insight into their rarity and value.
Turquoise: Turquoise is a phosphate mineral that forms in arid regions where copper-rich water seeps through rock and deposits the mineral in the cracks. It is primarily found in countries such as the United States, Iran, China, and Egypt. The most prized turquoise comes from the Southwestern United States, particularly from the state of Arizona.
Tanzanite: Tanzanite is a type of zoisite that is found only in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania. It is formed when the mineral zoisite is exposed to heat and radiation, causing it to change color from brown to a striking blue or violet. Tanzanite is a relatively rare gemstone, and its limited availability adds to its value.
Blue Topaz: Blue topaz is a silicate mineral that forms in hydrothermal veins and pegmatites. It is found in various parts of the world, including Brazil, the United States, and Nigeria. Blue topaz is often heat-treated to enhance its color, which can range from a pale blue to a deep blue.
Zircon: Zircon is a zirconium silicate mineral that is found in a variety of geological settings. It is commonly found in metamorphic and igneous rocks and is often associated with other gemstones such as sapphires and rubies. Zircon is found in countries such as Australia, Thailand, and Sri Lanka. It is available in a range of colors, including colorless, yellow, brown, and blue.
The rarity and unique formation processes of these gemstones contribute to their value and desirability in jewelry. Gold settings, particularly 14k and 18k gold, are often used to complement the beauty of these stones and to ensure their durability.
Gemological Properties of December Birthstones
The gemological properties of December birthstones are as varied as their origins. Each stone has unique characteristics that affect its use in jewelry, including hardness, refractive index, and color.
Turquoise: Turquoise has a hardness of 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively soft compared to other gemstones. It has a refractive index of 1.61 to 1.65 and is often found in a range of colors, from deep blue to green. Due to its softness, turquoise is best suited for earrings and pendants rather than rings, as it can be easily scratched or damaged.
Tanzanite: Tanzanite has a hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale, which makes it more durable than turquoise but still not suitable for everyday wear. It has a refractive index of 1.69 to 1.70 and is known for its vibrant blue to violet color. Tanzanite can be sensitive to heat and chemicals, so it requires careful handling and cleaning.
Blue Topaz: Blue topaz has a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it one of the harder December birthstones. It has a refractive index of 1.62 to 1.64 and is known for its clarity and brilliance. Blue topaz is a popular choice for rings due to its durability and ability to maintain its color.
Zircon: Zircon has a hardness of 6 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, depending on the variety. It has a high refractive index of 1.92 to 1.98, which gives it a brilliant sparkle. Zircon is available in a range of colors, including blue, yellow, and colorless. It is often used in rings due to its durability and beauty.
These gemological properties influence the way December birthstones are used in jewelry. Gold settings, particularly 14k and 18k gold, are often used to complement the beauty of these stones and to ensure their durability. Gold is also a versatile metal that can be used in a variety of designs, from simple and elegant to intricate and ornate.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs of December Birthstones
In addition to their physical properties, December birthstones are associated with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical beliefs. These beliefs have been passed down through generations and continue to influence the popularity of these gemstones in jewelry.
Turquoise: Turquoise is often associated with protection, healing, and good fortune. It is believed to enhance communication and promote calmness and clarity. In many cultures, turquoise is used in amulets and talismans to ward off evil and bring good luck.
Tanzanite: Tanzanite is associated with transformation, intuition, and spiritual awakening. It is believed to enhance one's ability to see situations from different perspectives and to open the heart and mind to new possibilities. Tanzanite is also believed to promote emotional balance and healing.
Blue Topaz: Blue topaz is associated with wisdom, strength, and protection. It is believed to enhance mental clarity and to help individuals make wise decisions. Blue topaz is also believed to have calming properties and to help reduce stress and anxiety.
Zircon: Zircon is associated with strength, stability, and grounding. It is believed to enhance one's vitality and energy and to promote a sense of balance and harmony. Zircon is also believed to have protective properties and to help individuals stay focused and grounded.
These symbolic meanings and metaphysical beliefs contribute to the popularity of December birthstones in jewelry. Whether worn for their beauty, symbolism, or metaphysical properties, these gemstones continue to be cherished by people around the world.
Care and Cleaning of December Birthstone Rings
Proper care and cleaning are essential to maintaining the beauty and longevity of December birthstone rings. Each gemstone has specific care requirements based on its hardness, durability, and sensitivity to chemicals and heat.
Turquoise: Turquoise is relatively soft and can be easily scratched or damaged. It is best to avoid exposing it to harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaners. To clean turquoise, use a soft cloth and warm, soapy water. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steam cleaners, as they can damage the stone.
Tanzanite: Tanzanite is sensitive to heat and chemicals. It can be damaged by exposure to high temperatures or sudden temperature changes. To clean tanzanite, use warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid ultrasonic and steam cleaners, as they can cause the stone to crack or fade.
Blue Topaz: Blue topaz is a durable gemstone that can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. It is resistant to heat and chemicals, making it suitable for daily wear. Avoid exposing blue topaz to extreme temperatures or harsh chemicals.
Zircon: Zircon is relatively durable but can be sensitive to heat and chemicals. To clean zircon, use warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid exposing it to high temperatures or harsh chemicals, as it can cause the stone to crack or fade.
In addition to regular cleaning, it is important to store December birthstone rings in a safe and dry place. To prevent scratches and damage, store each ring separately in a soft pouch or a jewelry box with individual compartments.
Conclusion
December birthstone rings are not only beautiful pieces of jewelry but also meaningful symbols of strength, stability, and elegance. Whether you are looking for a gift for a loved one or a special treat for yourself, these rings offer a perfect combination of style and symbolism. From the vibrant blue of tanzanite to the deep green of turquoise, each December birthstone has its own unique charm and significance. By understanding the history, geological properties, and care requirements of these gemstones, you can make an informed decision when choosing a December birthstone ring that will be cherished for years to come.