December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – blue zircon, blue topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise – each possessing a unique history, aesthetic appeal, and cultural significance. These gemstones offer a diverse spectrum of blues and greens, reflecting the winter season and providing a wealth of options for those born in the final month of the year. This article will delve into the origins, properties, symbolism, and care of these captivating December birthstones.
A History Rooted in Tradition and Modernity
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient times, with early civilizations believing in the power of stones to bestow certain qualities upon the wearer. The practice evolved from linking gems to zodiac signs, with the idea that wearing the correct stone at the right time could grant awesome powers. Over time, this evolved into the modern practice of choosing birthstones to honor the month of one’s birth.
The historical journey of December’s birthstones is particularly rich. Blue zircon, for example, has roots in the Middle East, later gaining prominence in Victorian Europe and becoming a symbol of luxury and prestige. Lapis lazuli and turquoise, considered traditional December birthstones, have been revered for millennia in ancient civilizations for their association with wisdom, royalty, protection, and good fortune. The more recent addition of tanzanite and blue topaz expands the palette of options, reflecting evolving tastes and discoveries in the gemological world.
Geological Origins and Sources
The formation of these December birthstones occurs through diverse geological processes. Turquoise, a semi-translucent combination of copper and aluminum phosphate, is created where acidic groundwater interacts with minerals containing aluminum and phosphorus. This process results in the distinctive blue-green hue of the gem.
Blue zircon, while often appearing diamond-like in color, is a distinct gemstone formed in metamorphic rocks. Its vibrant blue shades are highly sought after. Blue topaz forms in igneous rocks and is often created through irradiation of colorless topaz. Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery, is found in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, a geographically limited source that contributes to its rarity and value. Lapis lazuli, known for its deep azure tones, is formed in metamorphic rocks and has been mined for centuries in regions like Afghanistan.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
Each December birthstone possesses unique gemological properties that contribute to its beauty and durability.
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) | Luster |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Zircon | ZrSiO₄ | 6.5 - 7.5 | Blue | Adamantine |
| Blue Topaz | Al₂SiO₄(OH,F)₂ | 8 | Blue | Vitreous |
| Tanzanite | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) | 6 - 7 | Blue-Violet | Vitreous |
| Lapis Lazuli | (Na,Ca)₈Al₆Si₆O₂₄S₄ | 5 - 6 | Deep Blue | Vitreous to Dull |
| Turquoise | CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O | 5 - 6 | Blue-Green | Waxy to Vitreous |
Blue zircon exhibits a brilliant sparkle and is suitable for various jewelry styles, though it requires careful handling due to its moderate hardness. Blue topaz, with a hardness of 8, is relatively durable and can withstand some exposure. Tanzanite, known for its stunning pleochroism (displaying different colors from different angles), requires gentle care to maintain its luster. Lapis lazuli, being softer, is prone to scratches and should be protected accordingly. Turquoise, also relatively soft, needs careful handling and storage to prevent damage.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these gemstones has been imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. Lapis lazuli, with its deep blue color, has long been associated with wisdom, truth, and royalty, believed to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge. Turquoise, revered across various cultures, is often seen as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune, instilling a sense of inner calm and fostering creativity.
Blue zircon is believed to promote prosperity and wisdom, while blue topaz is associated with communication and courage. Tanzanite is thought to enhance intuition and spiritual awareness. These beliefs, while not scientifically proven, contribute to the enduring appeal of these gemstones and their significance to those who wear them.
Care and Maintenance
Preserving the beauty of December birthstones requires understanding their individual properties and implementing appropriate care routines. Zircon should be cleaned gently with mild soap and a soft brush, avoiding direct sunlight and harsh chemicals. Topaz, known for its hardness, can be cleaned with lukewarm water and a soft brush, ensuring thorough drying. Tanzanite should not be cleaned with ultrasonic cleaners or harsh chemicals; instead, a soft brush and gentle soap are recommended.
Lapis lazuli, being softer, should be protected from scratches and stored separately. Turquoise, often found in vintage jewelry, requires careful handling due to its softer composition, kept away from harsh chemicals and stored in a jewelry box. Following these guidelines will help ensure that these December birthstones remain vibrant and beautiful for generations.
A Modern Choice: Beyond Tradition
While zircon and turquoise have historically been considered the primary birthstones for December, the inclusion of blue topaz and tanzanite offers a wider range of choices for those seeking a gemstone that resonates with their personal style. The availability of multiple options allows individuals to select a stone that not only represents their birth month but also reflects their unique personality and preferences. Whether one prefers the classic elegance of turquoise, the vibrant sparkle of zircon, the calming hues of topaz, or the captivating violet tones of tanzanite, December’s birthstones provide a rich and diverse palette of possibilities.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones—zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, December’s stones stand out with their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots, providing a distinct way to express individuality. Purchasing these gemstones requires careful research and consultation with experts to ensure quality and authenticity. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time. As fine jewelry, December's birthstones are not only stylish but also connect wearers to historical and cultural narratives, enhancing both their aesthetic appeal and personal meaning.