Tanzanite, a captivating gemstone displaying shades of blue and violet, holds the distinguished position as the birthstone for December. Relatively recent in its recognition, this gem has quickly risen to prominence, largely due to the marketing efforts of Tiffany & Co. and its inherent rarity. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, Tanzanite is steeped in lore, believed to offer its wearer a multitude of benefits, from protection and fortune to serenity and enhanced self-awareness. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this remarkable gemstone.
History and Lore
The story of Tanzanite is intimately linked to the land of its origin, Tanzania, specifically the Mererani Hills near Mount Kilimanjaro. While the gem itself was discovered in 1967 by a Maasai herdsman, credit for its initial recognition often goes to Manuel de Souza, a local gem prospector. However, the true discoverers were the Maasai people, who, according to tradition, believed the stone was created when lightning struck the grassland, heating brown zoisite deposits and transforming them into the rich blue hues now celebrated.
For the Maasai, Tanzanite held cultural significance long before its commercial value was realized. It was a customary practice to present a Tanzanite gem to women during or after childbirth, symbolizing celebration and bestowing blessings of long life, strength, luck, and prosperity upon the newborn. This tradition predates the official designation of Tanzanite as the December birthstone by the American Gem Trade Association.
The connection between birthstones and specific months has a long and evolving history. Its roots can be traced back to the sacred breastplate of the High Priest Aaron, described in the Book of Exodus, which featured twelve gemstones representing the twelve tribes of Israel. Later, in the 1st and 5th centuries AD, scholars linked these stones to the twelve signs of the zodiac. However, the practice of wearing a gemstone corresponding to one’s birth month is a more modern concept, originating in Poland during the 18th century. The growing interest in lithotherapy and holistic healing practices has further fueled the belief in the physical and psychological benefits of birthstones like Tanzanite.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite is not a mineral found widely across the globe; its occurrence is remarkably limited. It is a variety of the mineral zoisite, specifically a blue-violet variety, and is found in a very small area of northern Tanzania, near the Mererani Hills. This restricted geographical origin contributes significantly to its rarity and value. The gem is formed within metamorphic rocks, created by intense heat and pressure.
The name “Tanzanite” was bestowed upon the gem by Tiffany & Co., recognizing its Tanzanian origin and highlighting its captivating beauty. The company played a pivotal role in popularizing the gemstone, recognizing its potential and marketing it to a wider audience. Due to its limited supply, some estimates suggest that the Tanzanite deposits may be exhausted within the next few decades, further increasing its desirability.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite exhibits a unique property known as trichroism, meaning it displays three different colors – blue, violet, and burgundy – depending on the viewing angle and lighting conditions. This characteristic contributes to its mesmerizing appearance. The gem typically ranges from deep blue to light purple, with variations in saturation and tone.
Gemologically, Tanzanite is rated between 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness. This means it is relatively durable but can be susceptible to scratching and abrasion. It is resistant to the effects of normal heat, light, and common chemicals. However, it can crack if exposed to very high temperatures or sudden temperature changes. It is also vulnerable to attack by hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids.
Most Tanzanite found in its natural state is brownish in color. To achieve the desirable blue to violet hues, the rough stone undergoes heat treatment. This process is permanent, and there are no additional durability concerns resulting from the treatment.
Here's a summary of Tanzanite's key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Zoisite |
| Color | Blue, Violet, Purple |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6 - 7 |
| Trichroism | Present |
| Treatment | Heat Treatment |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite is often associated with transformation, intuition, and spiritual growth. It is believed to promote a deeper connection with one’s inner self, fostering self-acceptance and encouraging conscious living. Some believe it can aid in overcoming physical, mental, and spiritual blockages, channeling restorative energies from the earth.
The gemstone is also linked to love and relationships. While it is not said to directly attract love, it is thought to help individuals live more authentically and in tune with their needs, leading to healthier and more fulfilling connections. By promoting self-respect and a sense of worth, Tanzanite is believed to help individuals attract partners who value and appreciate them.
Furthermore, Tanzanite is considered a stone of strength and resilience, supporting individuals through challenges and obstacles. It is said to instill a sense of stillness and self-control, allowing one to tap into their inner resources and adapt to changing circumstances. It is seen as a tool for achieving one’s full potential and overcoming life’s struggles.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale, Tanzanite requires careful handling and maintenance. It is best set in earrings or pendants to minimize the risk of damage. While it can be worn in rings, it is not recommended for daily wear unless it is protected by a robust mounting.
Cleaning Tanzanite is best achieved with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners should never be used, as they can cause damage to the stone. Avoid exposing Tanzanite to harsh chemicals or sudden temperature changes. Regular, gentle cleaning will help maintain its brilliance and beauty for years to come.
Conclusion
Tanzanite, the December birthstone, is a gemstone of captivating beauty and profound symbolism. From its origins in the foothills of Mount Kilimanjaro and its cultural significance to the Maasai people, to its modern recognition and popularity, Tanzanite’s story is one of transformation and discovery. Its unique trichroism, coupled with its relative rarity, makes it a highly sought-after gem. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, Tanzanite is believed to offer a wealth of benefits, promoting self-awareness, strength, and spiritual growth. Whether given as a gift or worn as a personal talisman, Tanzanite is a gemstone that embodies prosperity, protection, and the promise of a brighter future.