December is a unique month in the world of birthstones, offering not one, but four distinct gemstones to those born within its span: Blue Zircon, Blue Topaz, Tanzanite, and Turquoise. Each of these gems presents a captivating shade of blue, mirroring the cool tones of the winter season, and carries its own rich history and symbolism. While Turquoise holds a place as the most traditional choice, the inclusion of Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery, alongside Blue Zircon and Blue Topaz provides December-born individuals with a diverse range of options to express their personal style and connect with the gem’s inherent meanings.
A History of December’s Gemstones
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back to ancient times, though the specific stones assigned have evolved over centuries. Turquoise and Zircon have long been considered primary birthstones for December, their blue hues representing the chill of winter. These stones were valued in ancient cultures for both their aesthetic beauty and perceived protective qualities. The practice of wearing birthstones wasn’t a recent fashion trend, but rather a custom rooted in medieval times.
More recently, the addition of Tanzanite and Blue Topaz to the December birthstone family has broadened the selection. Tanzanite, discovered in Tanzania in 1967, quickly gained popularity for its striking violet-blue shimmer, often compared to that of sapphire. Blue Topaz, while not always listed among the traditional three, is a beloved choice for its icy blue clarity and calming energy. The inclusion of multiple birthstones for December allows for a variety of choices in color, price, and personal meaning, catering to diverse tastes and histories.
The Geological Origins and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are as varied as the gems themselves. Turquoise, a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, forms in relatively dry, arid environments, often in the vicinity of copper deposits. It is found in various locations around the world, though historically significant sources include Persia (now Iran), and the southwestern United States.
Zircon, one of the oldest minerals on Earth, forms in igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks. It can be found in a rainbow of colors, but the blue variety is particularly prized. Sources include Cambodia, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar.
Blue Topaz is a variety of topaz that has been irradiated to enhance its blue color. Natural blue topaz is rare. Topaz itself forms in igneous rocks and is found in Brazil, Nigeria, and Russia, among other locations.
Tanzanite, uniquely, is found in only one known location: a small area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. This limited source contributes to its rarity and value. It forms in metamorphic rocks and is a variety of the mineral zoisite.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Look
Each of these December birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties that contribute to its unique appeal.
| Property | Blue Zircon | Blue Topaz | Tanzanite | Turquoise |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | ZrSiO₄ | Al₂SiO₄(OH,F)₂ | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) | CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O |
| Color | Blue | Blue | Blue to Violet | Blue-Green |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7.5 | 8 | 6 - 7 | 5 - 6 |
| Crystal System | Tetragonal | Orthorhombic | Triclinic | Triclinic |
| Refractive Index | 1.92 - 1.98 | 1.60 - 1.62 | 1.62 - 1.69 | 1.61 - 1.62 |
Blue Zircon is celebrated for its brilliant fire and clarity, often mistaken for diamond. However, it is a softer stone than diamond and requires careful handling. Blue Topaz, with a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, is a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear. Tanzanite, while beautiful, is relatively soft and requires more delicate care. Turquoise, being the softest of the four, is porous and susceptible to damage from chemicals and impacts.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these gemstones has been attributed with specific meanings and powers. Turquoise has long been revered for its spiritual and healing qualities, cherished by ancient cultures as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune. It is believed to instill a sense of inner calm and foster creativity.
Zircon is associated with wisdom, prosperity, and honor. It was once believed to ward off evil spirits and protect travelers. Blue Topaz is thought to promote communication, inspire creativity, and bring good fortune. It is often associated with calming energy and serenity.
Tanzanite, a more recent addition to the birthstone family, is believed to enhance intuition and spiritual awareness. Its unique color is said to connect the wearer to higher consciousness. Lapis Lazuli, also a traditional December birthstone, has long been associated with wisdom and royalty, considered a stone of truth and enlightenment.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and vibrancy of December birthstones. Due to its relative softness and porosity, Turquoise requires gentle cleaning with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and prolonged exposure to sunlight.
Blue Zircon and Blue Topaz can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners, as they may damage the stones. Tanzanite, also relatively soft, should be cleaned gently with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid harsh chemicals and sudden temperature changes.
Regular cleaning and careful handling will ensure that these December birthstones remain beautiful and cherished for years to come. By following these simple care instructions, you can ensure that your December birthstones remain beautiful and vibrant for years to come.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones—zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, December’s stones stand out with their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots, providing a distinct way to express individuality. Purchasing these gemstones requires careful research and consultation with experts to ensure quality and authenticity. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time.