December is a unique month in the world of birthstones, offering not one, but four distinct gemstones to those born within its span: Tanzanite, Turquoise, Blue Zircon, and Blue Topaz. While Blue Topaz is frequently mentioned alongside the others, this article will focus on Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Blue Zircon, delving into their histories, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance, as detailed in available sources. Each of these stones presents a captivating shade of blue, mirroring the cool tones of the winter season, and carries with it a rich tapestry of lore and meaning.
History and Lore
Turquoise boasts the longest history of the December birthstones, having been cherished for millennia. Ancient Egyptians adorned themselves with turquoise, and Chinese artisans were carving the stone over 3,000 years ago. Throughout history, turquoise was believed to possess protective qualities, safeguarding wearers from falls – particularly from horses – and warning of impending disaster by fracturing. Hindu mystics associated the stone with wealth, believing that viewing turquoise after a new moon would bring good fortune.
Zircon, while less widely known, also has a long history, appearing in various colors throughout time. However, the blue variety is the most popular choice for December birthdays.
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, discovered in Tanzania in 1967. Its relatively recent discovery means its historical lore is less extensive than that of turquoise or zircon, but its captivating violet-blue shimmer quickly established it as a desirable gemstone.
Geological Formation and Sources
Turquoise is a secondary mineral, forming from rainwater or melted snow interacting with copper ore deposits, specifically copper porphyry. This process creates an acidic solution that reacts with aluminum and potassium in the rocks, precipitating turquoise into cavities within weathered volcanic and sedimentary rock, typically found in arid locations.
Zircon is found in a variety of geological settings, and can occur alongside sapphire deposits. Sources include Sri Lanka, Australia, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Cambodia.
Tanzanite is exclusively found in a small area near the Mererani Hills of northern Tanzania. This limited geographical source contributes to its rarity and value.
Gemological Properties
Turquoise is a copper aluminum phosphate with a Mohs hardness ranging from 5 to 6. This relative softness makes it susceptible to scratching and damage from moderate force. It is also porous and opaque, easily discolored by oils and pigments, and can lose water content, altering its color.
Zircon ranges from 6 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale of hardness. It is commonly heat-treated to produce the popular blue and colorless varieties, as well as orange, yellow, and red hues. While generally stable, heat-treated zircon can revert to its original color (often light brown) with prolonged exposure to bright light. It is stable when exposed to chemicals.
Tanzanite displays a blue to bluish-purple hue. Sources do not provide a specific chemical composition or hardness for Tanzanite.
The following table summarizes the key gemological properties:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) | Transparency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Copper Aluminum Phosphate | 5-6 | Blue to Green | Opaque |
| Zircon | Not specified | 6-7.5 | Blue, Colorless, Orange, Red | Not specified |
| Tanzanite | Not specified | Not specified | Blue to Bluish-Purple | Not specified |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of these December birthstones carries symbolic weight. Zircon is believed to bestow wisdom, prestige, and wealth upon its wearer. Tanzanite is said to stimulate creativity. Blue Topaz, though not the primary focus of this article, symbolizes friendship, romance, eternal loyalty, good fortune, and success. Turquoise, steeped in ancient tradition, was historically thought to guarantee health and good fortune.
The prevalence of blue hues across these stones links them to themes of tranquility, serenity, and the cool, crisp tones of the winter season.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its relative softness and porosity, turquoise requires gentle care. Avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaners.
Zircon, while more durable, should be protected from rough conditions to prevent abrasion. Cleaning can be done with a soft brush and mild soap in warm water; ultrasonic and steam cleaners are not recommended.
Specific care instructions for Tanzanite are not provided in the available sources.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon – offer a diverse range of beauty, history, and symbolism. From the ancient protective powers attributed to turquoise to the modern allure of tanzanite and the enduring wisdom associated with zircon, these gemstones provide December-born individuals with a meaningful selection to express their individuality. The shared prevalence of blue hues connects these stones to the winter season, offering a touch of cool elegance and tranquility. While each stone possesses unique properties and origins, they all contribute to the rich and fascinating world of gemstones.