Tanzanite is a relatively recent addition to the world of recognized gemstones, yet it has quickly gained prominence for its striking pleochroism – displaying different colors depending on the viewing angle – and its limited geographical origin. This article will explore the history, geological formation, gemological properties, and cultural significance of tanzanite, drawing solely from the provided sources.
History and Lore
The story of tanzanite is remarkably concise, unlike the millennia-spanning histories of many other birthstones. Its discovery is attributed to Manuel d’Souza, a Maasai tribesman and part-time prospector, in 1967, in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania. While local tribes had known of the blue-violet stones for some time, they were not recognized for their gemological potential until d’Souza brought them to the attention of a gemologist, H. Platt, who believed them to be sapphires.
Tiffany & Co. subsequently identified the stone as a unique variety of zoisite and gave it the name “tanzanite” in honor of Tanzania, the only known commercial source of the gem. Eugenia Sheppard, writing in the Durham Morning Herald in 1968, reported on the introduction of this “Tanzanian blue gem” at Tiffany’s, signaling its arrival on the international jewelry market.
The gem’s popularity grew rapidly, fueled by Tiffany & Co.’s marketing efforts. However, the Tanzanian government later nationalized the mining operations, leading to complexities in the industry. In 2013, an export ban on tanzanite from Africa caused disruption in the Jaipur gem-cutting sector, as noted by The Times of India. More recently, in 2013, TanzaniteOne ceded 50% of its stake to the State as a new law took effect, as reported by Mining Weekly. The discovery of the miner who first found the gem, and his subsequent life in poverty, was also reported in 2023 by AA.com.tr, highlighting the complex socio-economic realities surrounding the gemstone’s extraction.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite is found exclusively in the Merelani Hills near Mount Kilimanjaro in northern Tanzania. The gemstone’s formation is linked to the complex geological processes occurring in this region. According to James Luhr in Earth, the gem’s formation is associated with the tectonic activity and metamorphism of the area. The Mineralogical Record archives confirm the location of Merelani, Tanzania, as the sole source.
The gem is a calcium aluminum silicate, a variety of the mineral zoisite. Its unique blue-violet color is attributed to trace amounts of vanadium. The gem forms in metamorphic rocks, specifically within a zone of intense heat and pressure. TanzaniteOne, a mining company, details the mining process on its website, though specific geological details beyond the location are not provided in the sources.
Gemological Properties
While a comprehensive gemological profile is not available within the provided sources, some key properties can be gleaned. Tanzanite is a variety of zoisite. The International Colored Gemstone Association (ICA) published information on the discovery and early days of tanzanite in InColor magazine in 2007.
The sources do not provide details on tanzanite’s hardness, refractive index, or specific gravity. However, the fact that it is cut and polished indicates a reasonable degree of durability. The gem’s defining characteristic is its strong trichroism, meaning it exhibits three different colors – blue, violet, and burgundy – when viewed from different angles. This pleochroism is a key factor in how tanzanite is cut to maximize its brilliance and color.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The provided sources offer limited information on the symbolism and metaphysical beliefs associated with tanzanite. However, a broader discussion of gemstones and their perceived properties is present. According to Dr. Prem Kumar Sharma, gemstones have been used for thousands of years by shamans, royalty, and healers to bring about desired changes, heal bodies and minds, and seek blessings.
The sources detail a system of gemstone prescription based on the ‘Janma Nakshatra’ – the ‘Birth Constellation’ – in Indian astrology. While tanzanite is not specifically mentioned in this system, the general principle of aligning gemstones with astrological charts for health benefits is outlined. Amethyst is identified as a gemstone beneficial for increasing success in business and career life, and for fostering responsibility.
The sources also list birthstones according to a consensus reached by the National Association of Jewelers in 1912. While tanzanite is not included in this traditional list, it has gained acceptance as a December birthstone alongside turquoise and lapis lazuli. Ruby is described as bringing wealth, protection, and strength to the wearer, while pearl is associated with comfort and happiness.
Care and Cleaning
The sources do not provide specific care and cleaning instructions for tanzanite. However, given its composition as a silicate mineral, it is likely susceptible to damage from harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners. General gemstone care guidelines would suggest cleaning tanzanite with warm, soapy water and a soft brush.
Birthstone Traditions and Astrological Associations
The sources highlight two distinct traditions regarding birthstones. The Western tradition, established in 1912, assigns specific gemstones to each month of birth. The Indian tradition, rooted in astrology, prescribes gemstones based on an individual’s birth constellation. The table provided by Dr. Sharma outlines gemstone prescriptions based on Nakshatra, with Cat’s Eye, Diamond, Ruby, Pearl, Red Coral, Hessonite, Yellow Sapphire, and Blue Sapphire being prominent recommendations. The suitability of Ruby is specifically discussed for Aries, Taurus, Gemini, and other Ascendants.
Jewelry Business Names
The sources include a list of jewelry business name ideas, many of which emphasize personalization and unique designs. Examples include "The Birthstone Boutique," "Whispering Willow," and "Luminous Lore." These names reflect a trend towards creating jewelry with personal meaning and emotional resonance.
Conclusion
Tanzanite, despite its recent discovery, has rapidly established itself as a highly sought-after gemstone. Its unique pleochroism, limited source, and captivating color have contributed to its popularity. While the provided sources offer a limited but valuable glimpse into its history, geological origins, and cultural significance, further research is needed to fully understand its gemological properties and metaphysical associations. The gemstone’s story is a testament to the enduring allure of rare and beautiful minerals and the human desire to connect with the natural world.