December is unique among the months, possessing not one, but a selection of recognized birthstones. Traditionally, December is associated with both lapis lazuli and turquoise, gemstones steeped in history and imbued with symbolic meaning. While modern lists have expanded to include blue zircon, blue topaz, and tanzanite, the enduring legacy of lapis lazuli and turquoise remains significant, particularly when considering the historical and cultural context of birthstones. This article will explore the origins, properties, symbolism, and historical use of these two captivating December birthstones, drawing solely from available sources.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient times, though the specific pairings have evolved over centuries. The practice wasn’t a matter of rigid assignment, but rather a gradual accumulation of beliefs and customs. These colored gems were considered blessed to those who wore them, appearing in rings, pendants, and other jewelry as early as medieval times.
Lapis lazuli, with its deep azure tones, has a particularly long and storied past. It was considered a stone of truth and enlightenment in ancient civilizations, believed to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge. Its association with wisdom and royalty is deeply rooted in history.
Turquoise, characterized by its captivating blue-green hues, has also been revered for centuries across various cultures. It is often seen as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune. The name “turquoise” itself originates from the Old French word ‘turqueise,’ meaning Turkey, from where the stone was originally brought to Europe. It was used as a talisman to protect kings, shamans, and warriors.
Geological Formation and Sources
Lapis lazuli is not a single mineral, but rather a composite rock. It is primarily composed of lazurite, which gives the stone its characteristic deep blue color. The presence of calcite introduces white streaks, while pyrite imparts a golden sparkle, creating a visual effect reminiscent of a starry night. Its formation involves a complex interplay of minerals, resulting in a unique and visually striking gemstone.
Turquoise, while a mineral, also exhibits variations in composition and appearance. Sources do not detail specific geological formation processes for either stone.
Gemological Properties
Lapis lazuli possesses a Mohs hardness rating of 5 to 6, indicating moderate durability. This makes it suitable for a variety of jewelry applications, including earrings, pendants, and necklaces. Its relatively soft nature allows skilled artisans to carve intricate designs, showcasing its versatility. The color of lapis lazuli ranges from royal blue to denim hues, with variations in intensity and saturation.
Turquoise is described as a greenish-blue gemstone. Sources do not provide a Mohs hardness rating for turquoise.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Both lapis lazuli and turquoise are rich in symbolism. Lapis lazuli resonates with those who seek inner wisdom and a connection to higher consciousness. Its rich blue color evokes the vastness of the night sky, offering a sense of serenity and expansiveness. It has long been associated with royalty, reflecting the color’s historical connection to the ruling class.
Turquoise is believed to instill a sense of inner calm and foster creativity. It is considered a symbol of good fortune and protection, offering tranquility and positive energy.
Some believe that certain gemstones possess metaphysical properties. Tanzanite, a more modern December birthstone, is thought to enhance spiritual awareness, promote insight, and facilitate communication and intuition. However, it is important to note that these beliefs are not scientifically proven.
Applications in Jewelry
The sources highlight the versatility of these gemstones in jewelry design. Tennis bracelets featuring a continuous line of topaz gemstones are described as a timeless and versatile choice, suitable for both casual and formal occasions. Stud earrings and necklaces can also be beautiful when paired with fancy colored diamonds.
Lapis lazuli’s moderate hardness allows for intricate carving, expanding its use beyond traditional faceting. Turquoise, with its vibrant color, adds a touch of warmth and optimism to jewelry designs.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for lapis lazuli or turquoise. However, given lapis lazuli’s Mohs hardness of 5-6, it would be prudent to avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaners. Gentle cleaning with a soft cloth and mild soap is likely the safest approach. Turquoise’s properties are not detailed enough to provide specific cleaning advice.
Conclusion
Lapis lazuli and turquoise stand as enduring symbols of December, each possessing a unique history, symbolism, and aesthetic appeal. While modern birthstone lists have expanded, the traditional association of these two gemstones with the twelfth month remains strong. Their rich histories, coupled with their captivating colors and perceived metaphysical properties, continue to make them cherished gemstones for jewelry enthusiasts and those seeking a deeper connection to the symbolism of birthstones. These gems represent not just beauty, but also a link to ancient traditions and enduring beliefs.