Rubies, renowned for their captivating deep red hue, hold a prominent place in the world of precious gemstones. As the birthstone for July, they symbolize passion, protection, and prosperity. This article delves into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance of rubies, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
The allure of the ruby extends back millennia. Historical accounts reveal that rubies were prized possessions in ancient civilizations. As early as 350 BC, Alexander the Great is said to have obtained diamonds during his conquest of India, employing clever tactics to overcome the guardians of the Diamond Valley. While the story focuses on diamonds, it highlights the historical value placed on gemstones from this region, a primary source of rubies.
Legends surrounding rubies are abundant. One Burmese tale recounts the story of Princess Naja, who demanded the slaying of a man-eating dragon before agreeing to marry. A humble young man succeeded, and upon their subsequent disappearance in a flash of light, ruby eggs were left behind, giving rise to the gemstone. This myth underscores the ruby’s association with courage and triumph.
Beyond the East, rubies have long represented noble and fiery love in Western cultures. They are also traditionally given to commemorate the 75th anniversary of marriage, signifying enduring devotion.
Geological Formation and Sources
Rubies are a variety of the mineral corundum, distinguished by their vibrant red color. The finest and most historically significant rubies were originally mined in Burma, now known as Myanmar. While Myanmar remains a crucial source, rubies are also found in Colombia, Brazil, and Zambia. The quality of rubies can vary significantly, with Colombian emeralds generally held in the highest esteem.
Gemological Properties
Rubies are among the hardest gemstones, surpassed in hardness only by diamonds. This durability makes them suitable for everyday wear. Many rubies available commercially undergo heat treatment to enhance their clarity and color, increasing their market value.
While specific gemological data like refractive index or precise chemical composition are not provided in the available sources, it is established that rubies belong to the beryl group of minerals, alongside emeralds. This classification indicates a shared chemical foundation, though differing in color and other properties.
Here's a table summarizing the key properties mentioned in the sources:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Corundum (red variety) |
| Hardness | Very High (second only to diamond) |
| Color | Deep Red |
| Treatment | Often heat-treated to improve color/clarity |
| Primary Sources | Myanmar (Burma), Colombia, Brazil, Zambia |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, rubies have been imbued with symbolic meaning. They represent loyalty and purity, qualities highly valued in relationships and commitments. The stone is also considered a symbol of divine power and is believed to bring success and good luck, particularly to those embarking on expeditions.
Beyond general symbolism, some beliefs attribute specific healing properties to rubies. While not explicitly detailed in the provided sources, connections to the heart, lungs, and thymus gland are mentioned in relation to other gemstones, suggesting a potential association with vitality and well-being.
Care and Cleaning
Due to their exceptional hardness, rubies are relatively durable. However, like all gemstones, they require proper care to maintain their brilliance. The sources do not provide specific cleaning instructions, but given the ruby’s hardness, it can be assumed that it can withstand gentle cleaning with warm water and mild soap. Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, which could potentially damage the stone’s surface.
Other Gemstones and Related Information
The provided sources also offer glimpses into other gemstones and related jewelry practices. Goshenite is identified as a colorless variety of beryl, while heliodor ranges from yellow to brown, also belonging to the beryl family. Iolite, known as the "Viking's Compass," is a violet-blue gemstone valued for its navigational properties. Jade, encompassing both nephrite and jadeite, is prized for its toughness and potential for divination.
The sources also touch upon jewelry-making techniques and materials. Silver, a precious metal, is often alloyed with other metals like copper to enhance its durability. Various clasps, cuts (like the demilune and drop cut), and treatments (heat treatment, irradiation, diffusion treatment) are described, providing insight into the artistry and science behind gemstone jewelry. The concept of doublets, where a less expensive material is bonded to a gemstone layer, is also mentioned as a method for creating larger-appearing stones at a lower cost.
Chakras and Gemstone Associations
The sources briefly mention associations between gemstones and the body’s chakras. Turquoise, aquamarine, and lapis lazuli are linked to the Vishuddha Chakra (throat), while amethyst, sapphire, and sodalite are associated with the Ajna Chakra (third eye). Clear quartz, amethyst, and moonstone are believed to aid the Sahasrara Chakra (crown). These connections highlight the holistic beliefs surrounding gemstones and their potential impact on physical and spiritual well-being.
Precious Metals and Alloys
The sources identify eight metals as precious: silver, gold, and six platinum metals. Silver, while highly conductive, is typically alloyed with other metals like copper to increase its strength and usability in jewelry. Different silver alloys, such as 800 silver (80% silver) and 950 silver, are also described.
Conclusion
Rubies stand as enduring symbols of passion, courage, and enduring love. Their rich history, geological origins, and exceptional durability have cemented their place as one of the world’s most coveted gemstones. From ancient legends to modern jewelry, rubies continue to captivate and inspire, embodying both beauty and profound meaning. The available sources, while limited in scope, provide a valuable glimpse into the enduring legacy of this remarkable gemstone.