March is unique among birth months, offering not one, but a selection of gemstones to represent those born within it. While aquamarine and bloodstone stand as the primary birthstones for March, ruby, emerald, and jade also hold significance as guardian angel, special apostle, and zodiac birthstones respectively. This article will delve into the history, lore, geological origins, and gemological properties of aquamarine and bloodstone, exploring their enduring appeal and symbolic meanings.
History and Lore
The history of both aquamarine and bloodstone is steeped in ancient beliefs and traditions. Aquamarine, whose name originates from the Latin “aqua marina” meaning “seawater,” has been revered for centuries for its captivating blue-green hues. Pliny the Elder, a Roman philosopher and naval commander, described the gem as capturing the color of the sea, a description that remains apt today. In ancient times, aquamarine was considered as valuable as emeralds and was often chosen for engagement rings, symbolizing purity, happiness, and constancy in love and marriage. It was believed to offer protection from foes in battle and litigation, fostering amiability and quickening the intellect.
Romans associated aquamarine with Neptune, the god of freshwater and the sea, and sailors wore the gem believing it would calm waves and ensure safe passage. These stones were frequently engraved with Neptune’s trident, further invoking the god’s protection. The gem’s association with travel and exploration continued through the ages, and it remains a popular choice for those seeking a connection to the ocean. More recently, aquamarine has graced the jewelry of celebrities, including Jessica Biel, Megan Markle, and Karlie Kloss, solidifying its status as a modern gem of choice.
Bloodstone, in contrast, carries a more dramatic and somber history. Legend recounts that bloodstone originated at the crucifixion of Christ, formed when drops of his blood fell upon green jasper. This origin story imbued the stone with magical and divine powers, attributing to it the ability to bring health and strength to the wearer. It was believed to reconcile disagreements between friends and lovers, strengthening bonds and fostering harmony.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine is a variety of the mineral beryl, a beryllium aluminum cyclosilicate. Its blue-green color is attributed to trace amounts of iron within the crystal structure. Aquamarines typically form in pegmatites, which are coarse-grained igneous rocks, and are often found alongside other beryl varieties like morganite and heliodor.
Bloodstone, also known as heliotrope, is a form of chalcedony, a microcrystalline variety of quartz. Its characteristic dark-green color is due to the presence of iron oxides, and the “blood-like” spots are caused by inclusions of hematite or iron oxide. Bloodstone is often found filling fractures or cavities in other rocks, or as pebbles in riverbeds.
While both gems are found in various locations globally, specific sources are more prominent. Most bloodstone currently available originates from India, but it is also sourced from Brazil, Australia, China, and the United States. Aquamarine is found in several countries, including Brazil, Nigeria, Mozambique, Zambia, Madagascar, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine and bloodstone possess distinct gemological properties that contribute to their unique characteristics and appeal.
Aquamarine:
- Chemical Formula: Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈
- Color: Typically ranges from pale to deep blue-green, with the most desirable colors being a rich, saturated blue.
- Hardness (Mohs Scale): 7.5 – 8
- Clarity: Often exhibits excellent clarity, with few inclusions visible to the naked eye.
- Crystal System: Hexagonal
- Refractive Index: 1.565 – 1.590
- Specific Gravity: 2.67 – 2.78
Bloodstone:
- Chemical Formula: SiO₂ (Chalcedony) with iron oxide inclusions
- Color: Dark green with red spots of iron oxide.
- Hardness (Mohs Scale): 6.5 – 7
- Clarity: Typically opaque, with varying degrees of inclusion.
- Crystal System: Trigonal
- Refractive Index: 1.530 – 1.532
- Specific Gravity: 2.58 – 2.64
The difference in hardness is notable; aquamarine’s higher Mohs hardness makes it more durable and suitable for everyday wear, while bloodstone requires more careful handling to avoid scratches. Bloodstone is typically cut as a cabochon, showcasing its unique pattern, while aquamarine is often faceted to maximize its brilliance.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Beyond their aesthetic appeal, both aquamarine and bloodstone have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties throughout history.
Aquamarine is widely associated with the sea, representing tranquility, clarity, and courage. It is believed to soothe emotions, dispel fear, and promote intellectual stimulation. It was considered a gemstone to defeat fears and gain control over emotions, making it a favorite among students and those in intellectually demanding professions. Its connection to marriage and fidelity continues to make it a popular choice for engagement rings.
Bloodstone, with its evocative name and history, is often linked to strength, courage, and vitality. It was believed to purify the blood, enhance physical endurance, and promote healing. The stone’s association with sacrifice and renewal makes it a powerful symbol of transformation and resilience. It was thought to bring safety and luck to the wearer.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of both aquamarine and bloodstone.
Aquamarine, with its relatively high hardness, is fairly durable. It can be cleaned easily with warm soapy water and a soft brush. However, it is advisable to avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as these may damage the stone.
Bloodstone, being softer, requires more gentle handling. It should be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid abrasive cleaners and extreme temperatures. Due to its potential for scratching, it is best to store bloodstone separately from harder gemstones in a soft fabric pouch.
Conclusion
Aquamarine and bloodstone, the birthstones of March, offer a compelling duality. Aquamarine embodies the serenity and clarity of the sea, while bloodstone represents strength and resilience born from sacrifice. Both gems carry rich histories and symbolic meanings, making them cherished possessions for those born in March, or for anyone drawn to their unique beauty and enduring lore. Their distinct gemological properties and captivating origins ensure their continued appeal in the world of gemstones.