March is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but two recognized birthstones: aquamarine and bloodstone. While dramatically different in appearance, both gems share a historical reputation for promoting well-being and offering protection to the wearer. Aquamarine evokes the serenity of the ocean, while bloodstone represents vitality and strength. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism associated with these captivating March birthstones.
History and Lore
Both aquamarine and bloodstone have a rich history steeped in lore and tradition. Aquamarine’s name originates from the Latin words for seawater – aqua and marina – a fitting descriptor for its captivating blue hues. Ancient mariners believed the gem possessed the power to calm waves and ensure safe passage, offering protection during voyages. Beyond seafaring, aquamarine was thought to bring happiness in marriage, foster amiable relationships, and even quicken the intellect. Beryl, the mineral family to which aquamarine belongs, was historically believed to provide protection in battle and legal disputes, rendering the wearer unconquerable.
Bloodstone, also known as heliotrope, carries a different, yet equally compelling history. Its name derives from the ancient belief that the stone could turn the sun red when placed in water – stemming from the Greek word meaning “to turn the sun.” Historically, the red inclusions within the stone were associated with the blood of Christ, imbuing it with religious significance. Throughout history, bloodstone has been attributed with a range of metaphysical properties, including increasing strength, granting invisibility, and preserving health and youth. In more recent times, particularly in India, it has been used as a powder believed to possess aphrodisiac qualities, and continues to be prized by athletes seeking to enhance their physical prowess.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine is a variety of the mineral beryl, a beryllium aluminum cyclosilicate. Its blue to greenish-blue coloration is attributed to trace amounts of iron within the crystal structure. These gems typically form in pegmatites, which are coarse-grained igneous rocks, and are often found alongside other beryls like morganite and heliodor.
Bloodstone, conversely, is a variety of chalcedony, a cryptocrystalline form of quartz. Specifically, it is a dark-green jasper containing red inclusions of iron oxides, most notably hematite. These inclusions are responsible for the stone’s distinctive appearance, resembling drops of blood. Bloodstone is often found filling fractures or cavities in other rocks, or as pebbles in riverbeds.
While both stones are found globally, certain regions are particularly notable for their production. Most bloodstone currently available originates from India, but significant deposits also exist in Brazil, Australia, China, and the United States. The sources for aquamarine are more diverse, though notable deposits are found in Brazil, Nigeria, Mozambique, Madagascar, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine and bloodstone exhibit markedly different gemological properties, reflecting their distinct mineral compositions.
Aquamarine:
- Mineral: Beryl (Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈)
- Color: Ranges from deep green-blue to light, slightly greenish-blue.
- Clarity: Often free from inclusions, appearing as clear as water.
- Transparency: Transparent to translucent.
- Hardness (Mohs Scale): 7.5 – 8
- Cut: Commonly faceted, showcasing brilliance and fire.
Bloodstone:
- Mineral: Chalcedony (SiO₂) – a variety of quartz.
- Color: Typically dark-green, opaque jasper with red inclusions of iron oxide.
- Transparency: Semi-translucent to opaque.
- Hardness (Mohs Scale): 6.5 – 7
- Cut: Most often cut as cabochons (smooth, polished domes), though some examples are faceted.
The difference in hardness is particularly important for jewelry wear. Aquamarine’s higher hardness makes it more durable and suitable for everyday wear, while bloodstone, being softer, requires more careful handling to avoid scratches.
| Property | Aquamarine | Bloodstone |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Beryl | Chalcedony |
| Hardness | 7.5 - 8 | 6.5 - 7 |
| Transparency | Transparent/Translucent | Semi-translucent/Opaque |
| Typical Cut | Faceted | Cabochon |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism associated with aquamarine and bloodstone reflects their historical uses and perceived properties. Aquamarine, with its connection to the sea, symbolizes calm, clarity, and tranquility. It is often associated with open communication and emotional healing. Historically, it was believed to foster lasting love and friendship, making it a popular choice for wedding jewelry.
Bloodstone, on the other hand, embodies strength, vitality, and courage. Its name and appearance evoke a sense of power and resilience. It has long been considered a lucky charm, particularly for athletes and those seeking to enhance their physical abilities. Modern metaphysical beliefs attribute bloodstone with grounding energy and the ability to promote physical healing.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of both aquamarine and bloodstone jewelry. Bloodstone, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5-7, is more susceptible to scratches than aquamarine (7.5-8). Therefore, it should be stored separately from harder gemstones like diamonds. Both stones benefit from being stored in soft pouches or fabric-lined jewelry boxes.
Cleaning both stones is relatively straightforward. Warm, soapy water and a soft brush are sufficient to remove dirt and grime. Harsh chemicals and extremely hot temperatures should be avoided. After cleaning, dry the stones with a clean, soft cloth. Energetic cleansing methods, such as moonlight exposure for aquamarine and smudging or earth-burial for bloodstone, are also practiced by some to maintain their vibrancy.
Conclusion
Aquamarine and bloodstone, the dual birthstones of March, represent a fascinating contrast in both appearance and symbolism. Aquamarine, the gem of the sea, embodies serenity and clarity, while bloodstone, with its earthy tones and red inclusions, symbolizes strength and vitality. Both stones boast a rich history and continue to be cherished for their beauty, lore, and perceived metaphysical properties. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, historical significance, or symbolic meaning, these March birthstones offer a unique and captivating connection to the natural world.