August, the final month of summer, is uniquely distinguished by having three official birthstones: peridot, sardonyx, and spinel. Each of these gemstones carries a rich legacy of historical, cultural, and symbolic significance, making them not only beautiful adornments but also meaningful symbols of protection, strength, and positivity. From their ancient origins to their modern-day appeal in jewelry, these stones reflect a deep connection between humanity and the natural world.
This article explores the history, gemological properties, symbolism, and care instructions for the three August birthstones, offering a comprehensive understanding of their significance. Whether you are an August-born individual, a gemstone enthusiast, or someone interested in the cultural and scientific aspects of birthstones, this article will provide valuable insights into these captivating gems.
History and Lore
Ancient Origins of the August Birthstones
The use of gemstones for symbolic and protective purposes dates back thousands of years. The August birthstones—peridot, sardonyx, and spinel—each have unique historical narratives that reflect their roles in ancient civilizations and their evolution into modern-day symbols.
Peridot, known as the “gem of the sun,” was particularly revered by the ancient Egyptians as early as 1500 BC. They believed it brought health, happiness, and protection from nightmares. The Egyptians sourced peridot from the volcanic island of Zabargad in the Red Sea, which was a primary source of the gemstone for centuries. This island remained significant until the early 20th century. In the Middle Ages, peridot was highly valued in Europe, where it was used to embellish church altars and clergy robes. During the Victorian era, it became a popular choice for jewelry, especially in rings and pendants.
Sardonyx, a type of onyx with a brown or reddish base and white bands, has been used since antiquity for seals, amulets, and cameos. The ancient Greeks and Romans believed it enhanced communication skills and brought victory in battle. Sardonyx was often carved into intricate designs and worn as protective talismans.
Spinel, the newest of the August birthstones, was officially added to the list in 2016. Historically, it was often mistaken for ruby or sapphire due to its similar color and brilliance. Spinel was highly prized in royal courts, and some of the most famous historical gemstones, such as the “Black Prince’s Ruby,” were actually spinel. The recognition of spinel as a distinct gemstone in modern times has brought new appreciation to its beauty and value.
The Evolution of August Birthstones
The concept of birthstones has evolved over time. While ancient traditions often associated gemstones with the twelve tribes of Israel or zodiac signs, modern birthstone lists were formalized in the 20th century. The inclusion of multiple stones for August reflects the diversity of gemstone availability and the changing tastes of the jewelry industry.
Peridot is considered the traditional August birthstone, sardonyx has historical significance, and spinel was added in 2016 to offer more variety. This trio allows August-born individuals to choose a gemstone that resonates with their personal style and symbolic preferences.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot: The Green Gem of the Earth
Peridot is a naturally occurring mineral of the olivine family, and it is one of the few gemstones that occur in only one color—green. The intensity of its green hue depends on the amount of iron in its crystal structure. The gemstone is formed in the Earth’s mantle and brought to the surface through volcanic activity.
Peridot can be found in various parts of the world, including:
- Zabargad (St. John’s Island) in the Red Sea – historically the most important source.
- Arizona, USA – a significant source of fine-quality peridot.
- Brazil, Myanmar, and China – also produce peridot in various grades.
Sardonyx: Banded Beauty from the Earth
Sardonyx is a banded variety of onyx, composed of chalcedony, a form of microcrystalline quartz. It features a reddish or brown base with white bands, which are formed through the layering of silica-rich fluids in sedimentary rock. The stone is commonly found in:
- India
- Brazil
- Africa
- Mexico
Sardonyx is often carved into intricate cameos and seals, and its durability makes it a popular choice for jewelry and decorative objects.
Spinel: A Hidden Treasure
Spinel is a garnet-related mineral that forms in metamorphic and igneous rocks. It is found in various colors, including red, blue, pink, and even black. The most sought-after colors are deep red and vibrant blue. Spinel is found in:
- Myanmar (Burma) – known for producing high-quality red and blue spinel.
- Tanzania
- Vietnam
- Afghanistan
- Sri Lanka
Spinel is relatively rare compared to other gemstones, especially in vivid colors, which adds to its value and desirability.
Gemological Properties
Peridot
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Olivine |
| Color | Yellowish green to olive |
| Refractive Index | 1.65 to 1.69 |
| Birefringence | 0.035 to 0.038 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.34 |
| Mohs Hardness | 6.5 to 7 |
| Chemical Formula | (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄ |
Peridot is relatively soft compared to other gemstones, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7. It is sensitive to high temperatures and sharp impacts, which can cause it to fracture. Its high refractive index and birefringence give it a lively, glassy appearance.
Sardonyx
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz) |
| Color | Brown or reddish base with white bands |
| Refractive Index | ~1.53 to 1.54 |
| Specific Gravity | ~2.60 to 2.61 |
| Mohs Hardness | 6.5 to 7 |
| Chemical Formula | SiO₂ (with impurities) |
Sardonyx is durable and suitable for everyday wear due to its Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7. It is often carved into detailed cameos and seals, and its banded patterns make each piece unique.
Spinel
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Spinel |
| Color | Red, blue, pink, black, etc. |
| Refractive Index | 1.718 to 1.721 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.6 to 4.1 |
| Mohs Hardness | 8 |
| Chemical Formula | MgAl₂O₄ (varies with impurities) |
Spinel is known for its high hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it a durable and long-lasting gemstone. Its brilliance and clarity make it a popular alternative to ruby and sapphire, especially in vintage and modern jewelry.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Peridot: The Stone of Abundance and Positivity
Peridot is associated with abundance, protection, and positivity. It is believed to bring good fortune and enhance one’s ability to manifest desires. In ancient Egypt, it was used to ward off nightmares and was thought to promote mental clarity and emotional stability.
Modern metaphysical beliefs suggest that peridot is a healing stone that helps reduce stress and anxiety. It is also associated with love and friendship, making it a meaningful gift for relationships.
Sardonyx: Strength and Communication
Sardonyx is known for its protective properties and its ability to enhance communication skills. It was historically used by warriors and leaders to bring courage and strength in battle. In modern times, it is believed to help with self-expression and clarity of thought, making it a popular stone for public speakers and writers.
The stone is also associated with discipline and focus, helping individuals stay grounded and determined in their goals.
Spinel: Passion and Emotional Balance
Spinel is often linked to passion, vitality, and emotional balance. It is believed to enhance confidence and self-esteem, helping individuals overcome fear and self-doubt. Red spinel is particularly associated with love and energy, while blue spinel is thought to promote calmness and wisdom.
Spinel is also considered a stone of transformation, aiding in emotional healing and personal growth.
Care and Cleaning
Peridot
Due to its relative softness, peridot requires gentle handling. It should be avoided in high-temperature environments and should not be exposed to harsh chemicals. To clean peridot jewelry, use warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners are not recommended, as they can cause damage.
Store peridot separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is more durable than peridot and can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight, as it may cause fading in some cases. It can be cleaned with steam or ultrasonic cleaners, but care should be taken with carved or detailed pieces.
Store sardonyx in a dry place to prevent moisture damage.
Spinel
Spinel is highly durable and can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. It is also safe to use steam and ultrasonic cleaners. Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures and harsh chemicals.
Spinel can be worn daily and requires minimal maintenance, making it a practical choice for jewelry.
Conclusion
The August birthstones—peridot, sardonyx, and spinel—offer a fascinating blend of historical significance, gemological beauty, and symbolic meaning. Each stone has its own unique journey, from ancient civilizations to modern jewelry design. Whether chosen for its vibrant color, protective properties, or emotional resonance, these gems continue to captivate and inspire.
For those born in August, the choice of a birthstone is not just a matter of aesthetics but also a connection to a rich legacy of tradition, culture, and personal significance. Whether you prefer the sunny green of peridot, the banded elegance of sardonyx, or the fiery brilliance of spinel, these gemstones offer a timeless and meaningful way to celebrate the month of August.