The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months, and even zodiac signs, is a practice steeped in history and lore. These “birthstones” are more than just beautiful adornments; they are believed to carry unique properties, offering health, prosperity, and protection to the wearer. While the concept dates back to biblical times, the modern birthstone chart as we know it today is a relatively recent development, standardized in 1912. However, alongside this modern list exist ancient and traditional associations, creating a rich and sometimes complex tapestry of gemstone meanings. This article will explore the fascinating world of birthstones, detailing their historical origins, the evolution of the birthstone charts, and the specific gemstones associated with each month, drawing upon both modern and traditional perspectives.
The earliest roots of birthstone tradition are found in the biblical Breastplate of Aaron, described in the Book of Exodus. This ornate garment featured twelve gemstones representing the twelve tribes of Israel. In the first century A.D., the Jewish historian Josephus suggested a connection between these stones and the twelve signs of the zodiac. However, the direct association of gemstones with specific birth months didn’t become widespread until the 18th century. The standardization of these associations came much later, with the National Association of Jewelers (now Jewelers of America) creating a modern list in 1912, a list that remains largely unchanged today.
Currently, three distinct sets of birthstones are recognized: ancient, traditional, and modern. The modern list, while the most commonly used today, builds upon centuries of evolving beliefs and practices. The American Gem Trade Association and Jewelers of America have continued to refine the list, adding stones like spinel for August in 2016, demonstrating an ongoing process of adaptation and expansion.
Let's examine the birthstones by month, comparing the modern and traditional designations.
January: Garnet
Both the modern and traditional lists designate garnet as the birthstone for January. This consistency highlights the enduring association of this deep-red gemstone with the start of the new year.
February: Amethyst
Amethyst also maintains its position as the birthstone for February across both the modern and traditional charts. Its regal purple hue has long been associated with royalty and spiritual awareness.
March: Aquamarine & Bloodstone
March presents the first divergence between the lists. The modern birthstone is aquamarine, a serene blue-green gemstone reminiscent of the ocean. The traditional birthstone, however, is bloodstone, a dark green chalcedony with red inclusions.
April: Diamond
Diamond, a symbol of enduring love and strength, is universally recognized as the birthstone for April on both the modern and traditional charts. Its exceptional hardness and brilliance have made it a coveted gemstone for centuries.
May: Emerald
Emerald, with its vibrant green color, is another gemstone that enjoys consistent recognition as the birthstone for May across both lists. It is often associated with rebirth and renewal.
June: Alexandrite & Pearl
June offers a choice between two distinct gemstones. The modern birthstone is alexandrite, a rare color-changing gem that appears green in daylight and red in incandescent light. The traditional birthstone is pearl, an organic gemstone formed within oysters, symbolizing purity and innocence.
July: Ruby
Ruby, the fiery red gemstone, is the birthstone for July on both the modern and traditional charts. It is often associated with passion, courage, and vitality.
August: Peridot & Spinel / Sardonyx
August presents a more complex situation. The modern list includes both peridot, a vibrant green gemstone, and spinel, a gemstone available in a wide range of colors. The traditional list designates sardonyx, a banded form of chalcedony, as the birthstone for August. The addition of spinel to the modern list occurred in 2016, reflecting a growing appreciation for this often-overlooked gem.
September: Sapphire
Sapphire, most commonly known for its deep blue hue, is the birthstone for September on both the modern and traditional charts. However, sapphires actually come in a variety of colors, including pink, yellow, and white.
October: Tourmaline & Opal
October offers a choice between tourmaline, known for its wide range of colors, and opal, famous for its dazzling play of color. Both are beautiful and captivating gemstones.
November: Topaz & Citrine / Topaz
November presents another divergence. The modern list includes both golden topaz and citrine, a bright yellow gemstone. The traditional list designates topaz as the sole birthstone for November.
December: Blue Zircon / Tanzanite & Turquoise / Lapis Lazuli
December offers the most variety. The modern list includes blue zircon and tanzanite, both known for their cool blue hues. The traditional list features turquoise and lapis lazuli, both historically significant gemstones.
The choice between the modern, traditional, and ancient lists ultimately comes down to personal preference. Some individuals may feel a stronger connection to the historical significance of the traditional stones, while others may prefer the wider variety and more recent additions found in the modern list. The important thing is to choose a gemstone that resonates with you and holds personal meaning.
The practice of wearing birthstones is not merely a matter of aesthetics; it is rooted in a belief that these gemstones possess unique energies and properties. While these beliefs are not scientifically proven, they have been passed down through generations and continue to hold significance for many. Whether you believe in the metaphysical properties of gemstones or simply appreciate their beauty, birthstones offer a unique and personal way to connect with history, tradition, and the natural world.
The availability of birthstone beads allows for personalized jewelry creation, making these gems even more accessible and meaningful. Beads of Cambay, for example, offers a wide selection of premium birthstone gemstone beads, enabling individuals to craft beautiful and unique pieces that reflect their personal style and birth month.
Conclusion
The world of birthstones is a fascinating blend of history, tradition, and personal meaning. From the biblical origins of the Breastplate of Aaron to the standardized lists of the 20th century, the association of gemstones with specific months has evolved over time. Whether you adhere to the modern, traditional, or ancient charts, the choice of a birthstone is a deeply personal one, offering a connection to the past and a symbol of individuality. The enduring popularity of birthstones speaks to the timeless appeal of these beautiful and captivating gems.