August boasts a trio of captivating birthstones – sardonyx, spinel, and peridot – each with a unique history and appeal. However, peridot stands out as the most widely recognized and frequently featured August gem. This article delves into the fascinating world of peridot, exploring its geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and enduring symbolism.
History and Lore
Peridot’s history is steeped in intrigue and, at times, misidentification. Throughout much of its early history, peridot was often confused with other green gemstones, notably emerald and topaz. The island of Topazios in the Red Sea, believed to be the source of many ancient “topaz” gems, was in fact a significant source of peridot. Some historians even suggest that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have largely consisted of peridot, highlighting the gem’s esteemed status in ancient times.
The name “peridot” itself is derived from the Arabic word “faridat,” meaning “gem.” For millennia, peridot has been prized for its vibrant green hue. The Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral showcases 200 carats of gems once believed to be emeralds, but now identified as peridot, demonstrating the gem’s continued religious and artistic significance. Ancient Romans also valued peridot, utilizing it in jewelry and religious artifacts.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a gem variety of the mineral olivine, a silicate compound of magnesium and iron. Its formation is particularly remarkable, occurring under extreme geological conditions. Peridot can be found in hardened lava, carried from deep within the Earth’s mantle, and even within meteorites that have journeyed from outer space. This extraterrestrial origin adds to the mystique surrounding the gem.
While historically sourced from the Red Sea island of Topazios, modern peridot is primarily found in several key locations. A significant discovery in Tanzania in 2007 yielded peridot in a range of colors, including pinkish and orangy-red hues, expanding the gem’s color palette beyond the traditional yellowish-green. Other notable sources include Myanmar (Burma), Pakistan, Vietnam, and the United States, particularly Arizona.
Gemological Properties
Peridot’s distinctive color is its most defining characteristic. It typically exhibits a yellowish-green to greenish-yellow hue, though shades can range to brownish-green. This color is due to the presence of iron within the olivine crystal structure.
Here’s a summary of peridot’s key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ |
| Color | Yellowish-green to greenish-yellow |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.34 - 3.48 |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Refractive Index | 1.654 - 1.683 |
Peridot possesses a vitreous luster and is typically transparent, though clarity can vary. With a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, peridot is relatively durable, making it suitable for a variety of jewelry applications, though it is softer than diamonds, sapphires, or rubies.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been associated with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. It is often referred to as the “gem of the sun,” believed to ward off evil spirits and bring good health, peace, and prosperity to its wearer. Some believe peridot possesses healing and protective qualities, promoting strength, renewal, and inner clarity.
In modern gemology, spinel, another August birthstone, is said to symbolize revitalization, refreshing and rejuvenating the wearer, and improving self-esteem. However, the sources primarily focus on the historical and traditional symbolism associated with peridot.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of peridot jewelry requires gentle care. Due to its moderate hardness, peridot is susceptible to scratches and abrasions. It is advisable to remove peridot jewelry before engaging in strenuous activities, showering, swimming, or exercising.
Peridot should also be protected from harsh chemicals, perfumes, lotions, and cleaning products, as these can damage its surface. Cleaning peridot jewelry can be easily accomplished with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners can be used with caution, but the presence of fractures in the gem could pose a problem. A soft polishing cloth can help maintain its luster, but avoid over-polishing.
Peridot in Jewelry
Peridot’s vibrant color and relative affordability make it a popular choice for a wide range of jewelry designs. It is frequently featured in pendants, earrings, rings, and bracelets. The gem is often set in gold or silver, complementing its green hue. Modern designs often incorporate peridot alongside diamonds or other gemstones, creating stunning and unique pieces.
The availability of peridot in various sizes and cuts allows for versatility in jewelry creation. While smaller stones are commonly used in delicate settings, larger peridot gems can serve as focal points in statement pieces.
The Appeal of August’s Gem
Peridot’s enduring appeal lies in its captivating color, intriguing history, and symbolic significance. From ancient civilizations to modern jewelry designers, this gem has consistently captivated and inspired. Its unique geological origins, sometimes originating from the depths of the Earth’s mantle or even from outer space, add to its mystique. For those born in August, peridot serves as a beautiful and meaningful birthstone, representing strength, renewal, and inner clarity. Whether admired for its aesthetic beauty or cherished for its symbolic properties, peridot remains a treasured gemstone for generations to come.
Conclusion
Peridot, the prominent August birthstone, offers a compelling blend of historical significance, geological wonder, and aesthetic beauty. Its vibrant green hue, coupled with its unique formation and enduring symbolism, makes it a cherished gem for jewelry enthusiasts and those seeking a meaningful connection to their birth month. From its ancient origins to its modern applications, peridot continues to captivate and inspire, solidifying its place as a timeless treasure.