The ruby, celebrated for its vibrant red hue and exceptional durability, holds a prominent place in the world of gemstones. Revered throughout history as a symbol of passion, protection, and power, the ruby is the traditional and modern birthstone for July. This article delves into the fascinating world of rubies, exploring their geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and enduring symbolism, drawing exclusively from available sources.
A History Steeped in Legend and Royalty
The history of rubies stretches back millennia, with evidence of their allure found in ancient civilizations across Asia and Europe. Often referred to as “the gem of kings,” rubies were highly prized in ancient India, China, and the Roman Empire. Early ruby mining sites reveal the stone’s importance across centuries, with prehistoric tools discovered near significant deposits. Ancient texts and legends frequently feature these striking red stones, attributing to them symbolism of power, protection, and passion.
Early mythology often linked rubies to the fiery essence of life, believing them to be the petrified blood of dragons – a vivid tale that speaks to the gem’s captivating color. Rubies were mined in Sri Lanka as early as 800 B.C., and by 200 B.C., they were traveling along the North Silk Road. The scholar Pliny the Elder documented rubies in the first century A.D., further cementing their place in classical literature and trade. Throughout the 16th to 18th centuries, the ruby was proudly included on lists of traditional birthstones originating in Poland. The National Association of Jewelers reaffirmed its status in 1912, listing it as a fitting gemstone for those born in July. The ruby is also traditionally associated with the 15th and 40th wedding anniversaries, signifying enduring love and vitality.
Geological Formation and Global Sources
Rubies are formed under specific geological conditions, typically in metamorphic rocks like marble. Rubies formed in marble, a low-iron rock, tend to exhibit a particularly bright fluorescence in sunlight and ultraviolet light, enhancing their value. They can also be found in gravel beds and basaltic rock formations.
Historically, the Mogok Valley in Myanmar (formerly Burma) was legendary for its ruby production. However, modern sources now include Mozambique, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Australia’s Northern Territory, Madagascar, Tanzania, Pakistan, and even limited deposits in the United States and Japan. Significant ruby mining also occurred in the Chantaburi and Battambang regions of Thailand, and the Jegdalek mines near Kabul, Afghanistan.
Gemological Properties: A Stone of Exceptional Durability
Rubies are renowned for their exceptional durability, ranking 9 out of 10 on the Mohs hardness scale. This places them second only to diamonds in terms of toughness, making them ideal for everyday wear in jewelry. The vibrant red color of a ruby is its most defining characteristic, though the shade can vary from a deep, rich crimson to a lighter, more pinkish hue.
The visual impact of a ruby is also influenced by its geological formation. Rubies formed in marble tend to fluoresce brightly, adding a luminous glow that increases their value. Rubies are often cut into oval and cushion shapes to maximize their natural shine, particularly for larger gems, though round and emerald cuts are also suitable for smaller stones. They pair beautifully with diamonds, alexandrite, and pearls.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history and across cultures, the ruby has been imbued with powerful symbolism. It is often associated with passion, love, courage, and vitality. In some traditions, rubies were believed to offer protection from evil and safeguard the wearer from harm.
For those born under the sign of Capricorn (December 22 – January 19), the ruby, or more specifically the garnet, is considered a particularly beneficial stone. Garnet is believed to increase stability, foster courage and confidence, and provide emotional protection. It is seen as a grounding energy that helps Capricorns maintain focus on their long-term goals. Beyond garnet, other stones considered beneficial for Capricorns include smoky quartz for calming overthinking, and blue sapphire for wisdom and clarity.
The ruby is also linked to the zodiac signs Cancer (July 1st – 22nd) and Leo (July 23rd – 31st) as alternate birthstones for the month of July. Those born under Cancer are associated with emerald, while Leos are linked to onyx.
Modern Applications and Jewelry Design
Today, rubies continue to be highly sought after for their beauty and rarity. They are frequently set in sterling silver, yellow gold, or rose gold, and are often incorporated into designs featuring diamond accents. Roberto Coin, a renowned jeweler, is known for flush-setting a small ruby inside each piece of their jewelry, allowing direct contact with the skin and purportedly bestowing the ruby’s beneficial properties upon the wearer.
Constellation rings featuring rubies and other gemstones are also popular, representing personality, luck, and talent. These pieces are often packaged with a silver polishing cloth and jewelry care instructions to ensure their longevity. Proper care involves cleaning gently with a soft cloth or warm soapy water and storing the jewelry in a sealed plastic bag to prevent oxidation.
Caring for Your Ruby
Due to its exceptional hardness, the ruby is a relatively durable gemstone. However, proper care is essential to maintain its brilliance. Clean gently with a soft silver polishing cloth, avoiding vigorous rubbing. Warm soapy water can also be used for cleaning. To prevent oxidation, store ruby jewelry in plastic bags with a zip seal. Refer to jewelry care instructions for specific details.
Conclusion
The ruby remains a captivating gemstone, steeped in history, symbolism, and geological wonder. From ancient legends of dragon’s blood to its modern status as the July birthstone and a symbol of enduring love, the ruby continues to fascinate and inspire. Its exceptional durability, vibrant color, and rich cultural heritage ensure its place as one of the world’s most treasured gemstones.