The month of August boasts not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and ruby. While peridot has long held the traditional association with August, spinel was officially added in 2016 by the American Gem Trade Association and Jewelers of America, and ruby is also a recognized birthstone for July, often associated with August due to overlapping traditions. These gemstones each possess unique geological origins, historical significance, and gemological properties, offering a diverse range of options for those seeking a meaningful connection to their birth month. This article will explore the history, characteristics, and cultural relevance of these three August birthstones.
Historical Roots and Modern Standardization
The practice of linking gemstones to specific months dates back over 2000 years, with early associations often rooted in astrological beliefs. George Frederick Kunz, a prominent gemologist, documented much of this early lore in his writings. However, the standardization of birthstone lists is a relatively recent development. In the United States, the American National Retail Jeweler’s Association (now Jewelers of America) adopted a standardized list in 1912, which became widely used by jewelers across the country. This list has undergone revisions over time, with additions like alexandrite, citrine, and pink tourmaline being included as alternative options. More recently, in 2016, spinel was officially recognized as an August birthstone, expanding the choices available to those born in this month. The addition of tanzanite as a December birthstone in the past also demonstrates the evolving nature of birthstone designations.
Peridot: The Traditional August Gem
Peridot, a gem variety of the mineral olivine, is perhaps the most well-known of the August birthstones. Characterized by its distinctive yellowish-green hue, it is a relatively affordable and readily available gemstone, commonly found in jewelry stores. Interestingly, peridot can even be found in meteorites, suggesting an extraterrestrial origin for some specimens. Much of the world’s peridot originates from basalt flows – igneous rocks formed from volcanic lava. The green sand beaches of Hawaii are a testament to this, containing peridot crystals weathered from basalt.
Spinel: A Newcomer to the Birthstone Family
Spinel’s journey to becoming an official August birthstone is a more recent one. Prior to 2016, it was often mistaken for ruby or sapphire due to its similar colors. However, spinel possesses its own unique qualities and a remarkable range of colors, occurring in every shade of the spectrum – red, blue, green, yellow, orange, purple, and even black. The red and blue varieties are particularly prized, often resembling ruby and sapphire in appearance. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, spinel is an exceptionally durable gem, possessing the hardness and toughness necessary for use in all types of jewelry, ensuring a lifetime of wear.
Ruby: A July Gem with August Connections
Ruby, the birthstone for July, is also frequently associated with August. Renowned as the world’s most popular red gem, rubies exhibit a range of colors from orangy-red to purplish-red, with pure red being the most desirable and valuable. Historically, natural rubies were expensive, but recent discoveries in Africa have made more affordable options available. The market also features a significant number of lab-grown rubies, which offer excellent clarity and color at a lower price point. While some consumers prefer the natural origin of earth-mined rubies, others appreciate the affordability and consistent quality of lab-created stones.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
Each of these birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties. Peridot, with a chemical composition of (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄, is known for its relatively soft nature. Spinel, with a chemical formula of MgAl₂O₄, is notably durable, making it suitable for everyday wear. Ruby, a variety of the mineral corundum (Al₂O₃), is also exceptionally hard and resistant to scratching.
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Color | Hardness (Mohs Scale) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ | Yellowish-Green | 6.5 - 7 |
| Spinel | MgAl₂O₄ | Various (Red, Blue, Green, etc.) | 8 |
| Ruby | Al₂O₃ | Red | 9 |
The Mohs scale of hardness provides a comparative measure of a mineral’s resistance to scratching. A higher number indicates greater hardness. As the table illustrates, ruby and spinel are significantly harder than peridot, making them more resistant to abrasion and damage.
Geological Formation and Sources
The formation of these gemstones occurs through diverse geological processes. Peridot, as mentioned, is often found in basalt flows and can even originate from meteorites. Spinel commonly occurs in metamorphic rocks and as a byproduct of ruby and sapphire mining. Ruby forms in metamorphic rocks under high pressure and temperature conditions.
Africa has emerged as a significant source of spectacular garnets, including peridot, spinel, and ruby. Mozambique and Tanzania are particularly notable for their garnet production. Sri Lanka is also a historical source of hessonite garnet. While ruby has traditionally been sourced from Myanmar (Burma), Africa now plays a crucial role in its supply.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. While the sources do not detail specific metaphysical beliefs associated with these stones, it is common practice to attribute certain powers and energies to birthstones. Peridot is often associated with protection and good fortune, while spinel is believed to promote vitality and renewal. Ruby, with its vibrant red color, is traditionally linked to passion, courage, and energy.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of any gemstone. Given its relatively lower hardness, peridot is more susceptible to scratching and should be handled with care. Spinel and ruby, being more durable, can withstand more wear and tear. All three gemstones can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, as these may damage the stones.
Conclusion
Peridot, spinel, and ruby represent a captivating trio of August birthstones. From the traditional appeal of peridot to the modern recognition of spinel and the enduring allure of ruby, each gemstone offers a unique blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. The standardization of birthstone lists, while a relatively recent phenomenon, has contributed to the enduring popularity of birthstone jewelry, with millions of dollars’ worth being purchased each month in the United States alone. Whether chosen for personal significance, aesthetic preference, or astrological alignment, these August birthstones continue to hold a special place in the world of gemstones.