December’s Gemstones: Turquoise, Lapis Lazuli, Zircon, Tanzanite, and Their Historical Significance

December is a unique month in the world of birthstones, boasting not one, but five recognized gems: turquoise, lapis lazuli, blue zircon, blue topaz, and tanzanite. This abundance offers a diverse palette of color and meaning for those born in the final month of the year. While modern lists often highlight zircon, topaz, and tanzanite, the historical and traditional birthstones of December – turquoise and lapis lazuli – hold a significant place in the lore and symbolism surrounding these gems. The selection of multiple birthstones for December reflects a changing history of gemological associations and a desire to offer a wider range of choices based on personal preference and meaning.

History and Lore

The tradition of associating specific gemstones with months of the year dates back to ancient times, with early connections found in biblical texts and ancient cultural practices. The earliest birthstone lists, inspired by the Breastplate of Aaron described in biblical scripture, initially designated ruby as the stone for December. This association gradually shifted over time, with turquoise emerging as a prominent choice by the 19th century. Tiffany & Co.’s 1870 “Gregorian Birthstone Poems” pamphlet specifically listed turquoise as the December birthstone.

Further evolution of the birthstone list occurred in the 20th century. The National Association of Jewellers (now Jewellers of America) initially recognized turquoise in 1912, later adding lapis lazuli as an alternative. Zircon was added to the list in 1952, and tanzanite was the most recent addition in 2002. This progression demonstrates how birthstone designations are not static, but rather evolve with changing cultural preferences and discoveries.

Throughout history, these December gemstones have been valued for their beauty and believed metaphysical properties. Turquoise, in particular, has been revered for centuries across various cultures as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune. Lapis lazuli, with its deep azure tones, was considered a stone of truth and enlightenment, believed to enhance intellectual abilities. The trend of wearing birthstones, however, is not a recent phenomenon, with its roots extending back to medieval times.

Geological Formation and Sources

The provided sources do not detail the geological formation of each December birthstone. However, they do offer some insight into the origins of specific gems. Tanzanite, for example, is uniquely found in one area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, making it a particularly rare and prized gemstone. Zircon is noted as one of the oldest minerals on Earth, suggesting a long and complex geological history. Turquoise and lapis lazuli are mentioned as gems with ancient origins, implying they were sourced from historical mining locations, though specific details are not provided.

Gemological Properties

The sources offer limited information regarding the specific gemological properties of the December birthstones. Blue zircon is celebrated for its brilliant fire and range of colors. Blue topaz is known for its calm, serene colors. Tanzanite is highly prized for its unique blue to violet color. Turquoise is characterized by its captivating blue-green hues, while lapis lazuli is defined by its deep azure tones.

A table summarizing the available information is provided below:

Gemstone	Color(s)	Notable Properties
Blue Zircon	Rainbow of colors	Brilliant fire
Blue Topaz	Calm, serene blues	Serenity
Tanzanite	Blue to violet	Uniqueness
Turquoise	Blue-green	Tranquility
Lapis Lazuli	Deep azure	Enlightenment

Further detailed gemological data, such as hardness, chemical composition, and refractive index, are not available within the provided sources.

Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs

December’s birthstones are rich in symbolism and metaphysical beliefs. Turquoise is believed to instill a sense of inner calm and foster creativity, representing peace and protection. Lapis lazuli is associated with wisdom and royalty, believed to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge.

Biblical connections further enrich the symbolism of birthstones. In scripture, birthstones are represented through the Breastplate of Aaron, each stone corresponding to one of the twelve tribes of Israel and symbolizing distinct characteristics. Turquoise, as a December birthstone, is celebrated for its healing properties and spiritual wisdom. These connections offer deeper insight into how each birthstone aligns with biblical principles and personal identity.

Care and Cleaning

The sources do not provide specific care and cleaning instructions for the December birthstones. However, given the varying hardness and composition of these gems, general guidelines would apply. Turquoise, being a relatively softer stone, requires gentle handling and cleaning with mild soap and water. Lapis lazuli, also relatively soft, should be protected from scratches and harsh chemicals. Zircon, topaz, and tanzanite, being harder stones, can withstand more rigorous cleaning, but should still be handled with care to avoid damage.

Why Multiple Birthstones?

The inclusion of multiple birthstones for December is attributed to the evolving nature of birthstone lists and a desire to provide a wider range of choices. As the sources indicate, birthstone lists have changed over time, with December’s gemstones undergoing the most significant alterations. Offering multiple options allows individuals to select a stone that resonates with their personal preferences, color choices, and desired symbolism. The variety also caters to different price points and historical connections.

Conclusion

December’s birthstones – turquoise, lapis lazuli, blue zircon, blue topaz, and tanzanite – represent a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and geological diversity. From ancient biblical connections to modern discoveries, these gems have captivated cultures for centuries. The abundance of choices for December-born individuals reflects a dynamic tradition that continues to evolve, offering a personal connection to the beauty and meaning of gemstones. While the sources provide a foundational understanding of these stones, further research into their specific gemological properties and origins would offer a more comprehensive appreciation of their unique qualities.