Spinel, often mistaken for ruby or sapphire, is a gemstone with a fascinating history and a growing presence in the world of colored stones. While historically overshadowed by its more famous counterparts, spinel possesses unique qualities and a vibrant range of colors that are increasingly appreciated by collectors and jewelry enthusiasts alike. This article will explore the geological origins, gemological properties, historical significance, and modern appeal of spinel, drawing upon available information.
History and Lore
For centuries, spinel was frequently misidentified as ruby or sapphire, particularly when found alongside these stones in historic deposits. Some of the most celebrated “rubies” in royal collections, including those of the British Crown Jewels, were later discovered to be spinel. This misidentification speaks to the gem’s visual similarity to these highly prized stones, but also highlights its own inherent beauty and value.
While specific lore directly associated with spinel is less abundant than that of ruby or sapphire, the gem has accumulated symbolic meanings over time. It is believed to protect the owner from harm and soothe away sadness. As a birthstone for August, alongside peridot, spinel is thought to bring power and influence to the wearer.
Geological Formation and Sources
Spinel’s formation is linked to a specific octahedral crystal structure, distinguishing it from ruby and sapphire. It is found in metamorphic rocks and alluvial deposits, often alongside other gemstones. Significant deposits have been identified in several countries, including Cambodia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Further sources include Afghanistan, Australia, Brazil, Madagascar, Nepal, Nigeria, Tadzhikistan, Tanzania, and even the United States.
The increasing popularity of spinel has led to greater exploration and discovery of new deposits, contributing to a wider availability of this once-overlooked gem.
Gemological Properties
Spinel is distinguished from ruby and sapphire by its single refraction, unlike the double refraction seen in corundum (ruby and sapphire). It also has a lower Mohs hardness than ruby and sapphire, though still respectable at a level suitable for jewelry.
Spinel exhibits a wide range of colors, including vivid red, orange, beautiful pastel pink, purple, and even blue. Vivid red is considered the most desirable color, often rivaling the appeal of ruby. Cobalt Blue Spinel is particularly special, as it occurs naturally and is relatively rare. Unlike many other blue gemstones, spinel does not typically undergo treatments to enhance its color, meaning that natural spinel is often completely unmodified by human intervention.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
While not extensively documented, spinel is associated with positive energies and protective qualities. It is believed to safeguard against harm and alleviate sadness. As an August birthstone, it is linked to power, influence, and good fortune. The gem’s vibrant colors may also contribute to its association with passion and love.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its respectable hardness on the Mohs scale, spinel is relatively durable and suitable for everyday wear. However, as with any gemstone, it is susceptible to scratches and damage from harsh impacts. Cleaning spinel jewelry can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as these may damage the stone.
Peridot: A Lime-Green Gemstone
Peridot, the other birthstone for August, is a gem-quality variety of the mineral olivine. It is known for its distinctive lime-green color, a result of its chemical composition rather than trace impurities. Peridot forms deep inside the Earth’s mantle and is brought to the surface by volcanic activity. It is also rarely found inside meteorites.
Historically, peridot was believed to be a gift from Mother Nature, celebrating the annual creation of a new world. In ancient times, it was thought to protect against nightmares and bestow magical powers and healing properties upon the wearer. Today, most peridot comes from Arizona, but it is also found in China, Myanmar, and Pakistan.
Sapphire: A Gem of Trust and Loyalty
Sapphire, a variety of the mineral corundum, is renowned for its rich blue hues, though it can occur in a wide range of colors. In Medieval times, sapphire was believed to protect the wearer from harm and symbolize trust and loyalty. Sapphires are often heat-treated to improve their color and clarity, a practice that has been used for centuries.
Star sapphires, containing tiny needle-like inclusions of rutile, exhibit a unique asterism – a star-like effect that appears to float over the stone’s surface when moved under light. Sapphires are found in various locations worldwide, including the UK, Australia, Thailand, Nigeria, Montana, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and Mozambique.
Alloy and Rhinestone Jewelry
The provided sources also mention a vintage Avon bracelet made of alloy and rhinestones. This piece, dating back to around 2003 and sourced from the USA, is described as having scratches on the metal buckle. The chain is adjustable and measures approximately 17-20 cm, with a width of 0.4 cm. It is important to note that alloy metals are electroplated and not pure silver or gold, making them unsuitable for individuals prone to allergies. The sources emphasize the importance of carefully reviewing detailed photos and product information before purchasing vintage jewelry, as it may have imperfections.
Conclusion
Spinel, peridot, and sapphire each offer unique beauty, historical significance, and symbolic meaning. While spinel has often been overshadowed by its more famous counterparts, its growing recognition as a distinct and valuable gemstone is well-deserved. Peridot’s vibrant green hue and historical lore continue to make it a cherished birthstone, while sapphire remains a symbol of trust, loyalty, and enduring beauty. The vintage Avon bracelet serves as a reminder of the diverse range of jewelry available, from precious gemstones to more affordable alloy and rhinestone pieces.