August is a month rich in tradition and symbolism, particularly in the realm of gemstones. Unlike most months, August is uniquely associated with three distinct birthstones: peridot, sardonyx, and spinel. This triad of gemstones reflects the evolving nature of birthstone traditions, which have roots in ancient, traditional, and modern practices. While peridot is the most widely recognized and celebrated of the three, sardonyx and spinel also hold historical and symbolic significance. Together, these gemstones offer a fascinating window into the history of gemology, the evolution of cultural symbolism, and the enduring appeal of natural beauty.
This article explores the historical, geological, and symbolic dimensions of August’s birthstones. It delves into their origins, properties, and cultural meanings, drawing from a variety of sources to present a comprehensive overview. Whether you are an August baby, a jewelry collector, or simply curious about the world of gemstones, this guide will provide valuable insights into the stones that represent the eighth month of the year.
History and Lore
The tradition of birthstones has ancient roots, often linked to biblical and medieval sources. One of the earliest references is found in the Biblical Book of Exodus, which describes the breastplate of Aaron, a high priest of the Israelites. This garment was adorned with twelve gemstones, each representing one of the twelve tribes of Israel. While the exact identities of these stones remain debated, they laid the foundation for associating gemstones with specific months and their symbolic meanings.
The practice of assigning gemstones to birth months became more formalized in the 15th century, particularly in Poland and Germany. These early traditions formed the basis of the ancient and traditional birthstone lists, which have been updated and modified over time. The modern list, which includes the current selection of birthstones, was largely standardized in the 20th century, especially in the United States and the United Kingdom.
August, originally named Sextilis, was renamed in honor of Emperor Augustus, the first Emperor of Rome. As the eighth month of the year, it has historically been associated with a variety of gemstones. While peridot is now the most widely recognized August birthstone in the modern era, sardonyx was the original gemstone associated with this month. In the 20th century, spinel was added to the list, bringing the total number of August birthstones to three.
The inclusion of multiple gemstones for a single month is not unique to August. In fact, it is one of the months with the most diverse selection of birthstones, with some sources listing as many as nine different crystals for August. These include alexandrite, ruby, sapphire, diamond, moonstone, and topaz, among others. Each of these stones carries its own unique history and symbolism, reflecting the rich and varied traditions of gemstone lore.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of August’s birthstones—peridot, sardonyx, and spinel—has distinct geological properties and sources. These gemstones are formed through different geological processes and are found in various parts of the world.
Peridot
Peridot is a nepheline olivine, a silicate mineral that forms in mafic igneous rocks, such as basalt and peridotite. It is typically found in volcanic settings, where it is brought to the surface by tectonic activity. Peridot is known for its vibrant green color, which is caused by the presence of iron. The intensity of the green color can vary depending on the concentration of iron in the stone.
Peridot is one of the few gemstones that can be found in a single color, ranging from yellowish green to deep green. It has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, making it relatively durable but still susceptible to scratches. Peridot is also known for its adamantine luster, which gives it a glassy, sparkling appearance.
High-quality peridot is often sourced from Zimbabwe, Australia, Madagascar, and the United States. The Arizona Meteor Crater is one of the most famous sources of peridot, where the gemstone is found in volcanic rock. Peridot is also found in lava flows and meteorites, where it is sometimes referred to as **“Hawkeye” stone.”
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a banded chalcedony, composed of sard and onyx. Sard is a reddish-brown to yellowish-red chalcedony, while onyx is a black or white chalcedony. When combined, these two varieties create a gemstone with alternating bands of red and white, giving it a distinctive zebra-like pattern.
Sardonyx is formed through the precipitation of silica from water, which deposits layers of chalcedony in cracks and cavities in rock. This process can take thousands of years, resulting in the distinct banding patterns that make sardonyx so recognizable. Sardonyx has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, making it durable enough for use in jewelry.
The finest examples of sardonyx are found in India, where the stone has been used for centuries in cameos and intaglios. Other notable sources include Brazil, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Madagascar, Uruguay, and the United States. Sardonyx has a long history of use in jewelry and decorative arts, particularly in Roman and Renaissance Europe, where it was prized for its beauty and symbolism.
Spinel
Spinel is a garnet group mineral, composed of magnesium aluminum silicate. It forms in metamorphic and igneous rocks, often in marble and basalt. Spinel is known for its wide range of colors, including red, pink, orange, yellow, green, blue, and black. The most valuable and sought-after spinels are the “Burmese red” and “Neelum” blue varieties.
Spinel has a Mohs hardness of 8, making it one of the toughest gemstones in the August birthstone lineup. It also has a high refractive index, giving it a brilliant, fiery luster. Spinel is often confused with ruby and sapphire, particularly in red and blue varieties, but it has a different chemical composition and hardness.
High-quality spinel is sourced from Burmah (Myanmar), Afghanistan, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and Tanzania. Some of the most famous spinels in history, such as the “Black Prince’s Ruby”, were long believed to be rubies before being identified as spinels.
Gemological Properties
Each of the August birthstones has unique gemological properties that make them valuable in jewelry and decorative arts. These properties include color, clarity, cut, carat weight, hardness, and luster.
Peridot
Peridot is known for its vibrant green color, which is caused by the presence of iron. The ideal color for peridot is a deep, rich green, which is often referred to as “peridot green.” The clarity of peridot can vary, with eye-clean stones being the most desirable. Peridot is not typically faceted, as its crystalline structure can cause it to split along planes, making it more susceptible to damage.
Peridot is cut in a variety of styles, including oval, round, cushion, and emerald cuts. The carat weight of peridot can range from small sizes used in jewelry to larger sizes used in decorative objects. Peridot has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, which means it is relatively durable but can still be scratched by harder gemstones.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a banded chalcedony, composed of sard and onyx. The red bands in sardonyx are caused by the presence of iron oxide, while the white bands are pure silica. The distinct banding patterns in sardonyx make it ideal for cameos and intaglios, where the contrast between colors can be used to create intricate designs.
Sardonyx is not typically faceted, as it is cut in cabochon or bead styles. The carat weight of sardonyx can vary depending on the size and thickness of the bands. Sardonyx has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, making it durable enough for use in jewelry.
Spinel
Spinel is known for its wide range of colors, including red, pink, orange, yellow, green, blue, and black. The most valuable and sought-after spinels are the “Burmese red” and “Neelum” blue varieties. Spinel is often faceted, as it has a high refractive index and brilliant luster.
Spinel is available in a variety of cuts, including round, oval, cushion, and emerald cuts. The carat weight of spinel can range from small sizes used in jewelry to larger sizes used in decorative objects. Spinel has a Mohs hardness of 8, making it one of the toughest gemstones in the August birthstone lineup.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of the August birthstones carries its own unique symbolism and metaphysical properties. These beliefs have been passed down through generations and are often rooted in ancient traditions and folklore.
Peridot
Peridot is often associated with healing, renewal, and positivity. It is believed to help release negative emotions and promote inner peace and balance. Peridot is also thought to enhance self-confidence, creativity, and intuition.
In ancient Egypt, peridot was believed to be a “sun gem” and was used to ward off nightmares and protect against evil spirits. It was also associated with longevity and vitality, and was often used in amulets and talismans.
In modern times, peridot is considered a stone of transformation and healing. It is believed to help release past traumas and promote emotional stability. Peridot is also associated with forgiveness, helping individuals let go of grudges and move forward.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is associated with protection, strength, and confidence. It is believed to help enhance self-esteem and courage, and to provide mental clarity and focus. Sardonyx is also thought to promote optimism and joy, helping individuals stay positive in the face of challenges.
In ancient Rome, sardonyx was used in cameos and intaglios, where it was believed to protect the wearer from harm and promote good fortune. It was also associated with love and relationships, and was often used in engagement rings and wedding bands.
In modern times, sardonyx is considered a stone of protection and empowerment. It is believed to help shield the wearer from negative energies and to strengthen willpower and determination. Sardonyx is also associated with success and achievement, making it a popular choice for business and career-related jewelry.
Spinel
Spinel is associated with passion, creativity, and emotional balance. It is believed to help enhance emotional stability and promote healthy relationships. Spinel is also thought to stimulate the heart and soul, helping individuals connect with their inner selves.
In ancient times, spinel was believed to be a stone of nobility and power. It was often used in royal jewelry and regalia, and was associated with leadership and authority. Spinel was also believed to protect the wearer from harm and to promote good fortune and success.
In modern times, spinel is considered a stone of love and passion. It is believed to enhance romantic relationships and to promote emotional intimacy. Spinel is also associated with healing and transformation, making it a popular choice for healing and spiritual practices.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and maintenance are essential for preserving the beauty and longevity of August’s birthstones. Each of these gemstones has specific care requirements based on their hardness, luster, and sensitivity to heat and chemicals.
Peridot
Peridot is relatively soft, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, so it should be handled with care to avoid scratches and chips. It is also sensitive to heat, so it should not be exposed to prolonged periods of direct sunlight or high temperatures.
To clean peridot, use warm, soapy water and a soft brush or cloth. Avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the surface of the stone. Store peridot separately from other gemstones to prevent scratching and abrasion.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is durable and can withstand normal wear and tear, but it should still be handled with care to avoid chipping or cracking. It is not sensitive to heat, but it can be damaged by harsh chemicals.
To clean sardonyx, use warm, soapy water and a soft brush or cloth. Avoid using ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the surface of the stone. Store sardonyx separately from other gemstones to prevent scratching and abrasion.
Spinel
Spinel is one of the toughest gemstones in the August birthstone lineup, with a Mohs hardness of 8. It is resistant to scratches and chips, making it ideal for everyday wear. Spinel is also resistant to heat and chemicals, making it easy to clean and maintain.
To clean spinel, use warm, soapy water and a soft brush or cloth. You can also use ultrasonic cleaners, as these will not damage the surface of the stone. Store spinel separately from other gemstones to prevent scratching and abrasion.
Conclusion
The August birthstones—peridot, sardonyx, and spinel—offer a fascinating glimpse into the history, symbolism, and beauty of gemstones. Each of these gemstones has a unique geological origin, distinct properties, and rich cultural significance. Whether you are an August baby, a jewelry collector, or simply curious about the world of gemstones, these stones offer something special for everyone.
Peridot, with its vibrant green color and healing properties, is a symbol of renewal and positivity. Sardonyx, with its distinct banding patterns and protective qualities, is a stone of strength and confidence. Spinel, with its brilliant colors and high refractive index, is a stone of passion and emotional balance.
Together, these gemstones represent the rich and diverse tradition of birthstones, which has evolved over centuries. Whether you choose peridot for its beauty, sardonyx for its protection, or spinel for its brilliance, you are choosing a gemstone with a long and storied history.
As you explore the world of gemstones, remember that each stone carries its own unique energy and meaning. Whether you wear it as jewelry, keep it as a collectible, or use it for spiritual practices, these gemstones can bring beauty, meaning, and joy to your life.