Alexandrite: The Colour-Changing Gem of June

Alexandrite is a remarkably rare and captivating gemstone, recognized as one of the official birthstones for June, alongside pearl and moonstone. Distinguished by its exceptional ability to change colour depending on the light source, alexandrite holds a unique position in the world of gemstones, appealing to collectors, gemologists, and jewellery enthusiasts alike. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism of this extraordinary stone, drawing solely from available sources.

History and Lore

The story of alexandrite begins in the 1830s with its discovery in the Ural Mountains of Russia. Initially, the gem was misidentified as emerald due to its green hue in daylight. However, a striking transformation occurred when the stones were brought indoors and exposed to candlelight, revealing a shift to shades of red and purple. This colour change immediately distinguished alexandrite as something extraordinary.

The gem was named in honour of Czar Alexander II of Russia, coinciding with his coming of age. This royal association further enhanced its prestige. Today, natural alexandrite is considered one of the most prized and difficult-to-find gems globally, with fine-quality specimens commanding prices per carat that can exceed those of diamonds.

Due to its scarcity, a significant portion of alexandrite available on the market is lab-created. These synthetic stones possess the same chemical composition and exhibit the same colour-changing effect as their natural counterparts, offering a more accessible option for those seeking this unique gem.

Geological Formation and Sources

Alexandrite is a variety of chrysoberyl, a beryllium aluminium oxide mineral. Chrysoberyl itself has been known since ancient times, with the name originating from the Greek words for gold. Alexandrite’s colour change is a result of its ability to absorb and reflect different wavelengths of light, influenced by the presence of chromium within its crystal structure.

Historically, the primary source of alexandrite was the Ural Mountains in Russia. However, production from this region has significantly declined. Currently, notable deposits are found in Brazil, Madagascar, Myanmar (Burma), and the United States. The rarity of alexandrite is linked to the specific geological conditions required for its formation, demanding a unique combination of elements and pressures.

Gemological Properties

Alexandrite boasts impressive gemological properties that contribute to its desirability. It registers 8.5 on the Mohs Hardness Scale, making it a remarkably durable gemstone, more resistant to scratching than both pearl and moonstone. This durability makes it suitable for a variety of jewellery settings.

The defining characteristic of alexandrite is its colour change. In daylight or fluorescent light, it typically appears blue to green. However, under incandescent light, such as candlelight or traditional light bulbs, it shifts to shades of red to purple. The intensity of this colour change is a crucial factor in determining the gem’s value, with more dramatic shifts being highly sought after.

Alexandrite is a variety of chrysoberyl, and therefore shares the chemical formula BeAl₂O₄. While chrysoberyl can occur in various colours, including golden yellow and yellowish-green, it is the colour-changing variety that is celebrated as alexandrite.

Here's a table summarizing key gemological properties:

Property Value
Mineral Chrysoberyl
Chemical Formula BeAl₂O₄
Hardness (Mohs) 8.5
Colour Blue-Green to Red-Purple (colour change)
Luster Vitreous
Crystal System Orthorhombic

Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs

Throughout history, gemstones have been attributed with symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. While specific beliefs surrounding alexandrite are less extensively documented than those for some other birthstones, folklore suggests that the golden colour of chrysoberyl, the mineral family to which alexandrite belongs, inspires good mood, generosity, and a kind disposition.

More broadly, birthstones are believed to possess healing qualities and the ability to influence the wearer’s wellbeing. Alexandrite, like other birthstones, is thought to cleanse, purify, and energize the aura, potentially calming nerves, improving confidence, and strengthening bonds. Ancient Greeks and Romans believed aquamarine (another March birthstone) quelled sea waves, and alexandrite may have been similarly regarded for its protective qualities.

Care and Cleaning

Due to its hardness of 8.5 on the Mohs scale, alexandrite is a relatively durable gemstone. However, like all jewellery, it requires proper care to maintain its brilliance. It is recommended to clean alexandrite jewellery with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam cleaners, as these can potentially damage the stone.

Given its value, it is advisable to have alexandrite jewellery professionally inspected and cleaned periodically to ensure its longevity.

Alexandrite in Jewellery

Alexandrite is often featured in rings, pendants, earrings, and bracelets. Its unique colour-changing property makes it a captivating centrepiece for custom jewellery designs. The stone’s rarity and value often lead to it being set in precious metals such as gold and platinum, further enhancing its beauty and prestige. One example is a sterling silver ring featuring an oval alexandrite protected by two dragons, a design inspired by Celtic symbolism, where dragons represent strength and wisdom.

Conclusion

Alexandrite stands as a testament to the wonders of the natural world. Its remarkable colour-changing ability, coupled with its rarity and historical significance, makes it a truly exceptional gemstone. From its discovery in the Ural Mountains to its current status as a coveted birthstone for June, alexandrite continues to fascinate and inspire. Its durability, unique optical properties, and subtle metaphysical associations contribute to its enduring appeal, solidifying its place as a treasured gem for generations to come.

Sources

  1. Fairina Cheng Jewellery
  2. Celtic Eternity Etsy Shop
  3. Beads of Paradise NYC
  4. Karma and Luck

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