For centuries, a gemstone often mistaken for ruby has quietly held a place of beauty and significance. Spinel, now officially recognized as a primary birthstone for August alongside peridot and sardonyx, boasts a rich history, captivating colors, and a unique allure that sets it apart. Added to the official American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) and Jewelers of America (JA) birthstone lists in 2016, spinel offers a vibrant alternative for those born in the eighth month of the year. This article delves into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this remarkable gemstone.
A History Shrouded in Misidentification
The history of spinel is inextricably linked to its frequent misidentification as other, more well-known gemstones, particularly ruby. For centuries, many stones believed to be rubies within royal collections were, in fact, spinels. A prime example is the famed “Black Prince’s Ruby,” a 170-carat red spinel currently residing in the Imperial State Crown of England. This gem passed through the hands of Moorish and Spanish kings before being acquired by Edward, the Black Prince, in 1367. It wasn’t until the 18th century that spinel was definitively distinguished from ruby based on chemical differences.
Ancient civilizations admired spinel, often associating it with rubies and sapphires. The stone’s historical significance extends beyond mere adornment; it was believed to possess mystical and curative powers, offering protection from danger and calming emotional turbulence. The association with red gems, including spinel, extended to beliefs in their ability to remedy blood loss and inflammatory diseases, as well as ease anger and promote harmony. Spinel is also a traditional gift given to celebrate a 22nd wedding anniversary.
Geological Formation and Global Sources
Spinel is a magnesium aluminum oxide, with a chemical composition of MgAl2O4. Its formation occurs in a variety of geological environments, often alongside other gemstones. Major sources of spinel are found across Asia and Africa. Significant deposits are located in Tajikistan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Tanzania, and Pakistan. Myanmar is particularly noted for producing spinels with arresting colors, including vibrant pink and red varieties.
The origin of the name “spinel” itself is debated. Some believe it derives from the Latin word spina, meaning thorn, referencing the sharp, pointed crystals in which it often grows. Others suggest a Greek origin, from spitha or spinther, meaning spark or sparkle, alluding to the gem’s brilliance.
Gemological Properties: A Spectrum of Brilliance
Spinel possesses a hardness of 7.5-8 on the Mohs Hardness Scale, making it a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear. This hardness places it between topaz and quartz, ensuring reasonable resistance to scratching. The gem exhibits a treasure house of beautiful hues, ranging from intense red and vibrant pink to orange, purple, violet, blue, and bluish-green. Red and pink spinels are considered the most valuable, followed closely by cobalt blue. The red, pink, and orange colors are attributed to the presence of iron and chromium, while the deep blue hues are caused by cobalt.
Spinel’s clarity can be breathtaking, with high-quality stones exhibiting exceptional transparency. The gem’s brilliance and fire contribute to its overall appeal, making it a desirable choice for jewelry. While colorless and black spinels exist, they are less commonly sought after.
The following table summarizes key gemological properties:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | MgAl₂O₄ |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 7.5 - 8 |
| Color | Red, Pink, Blue, Purple, Orange, Green, Black |
| Luster | Vitreous (glass-like) |
| Crystal System | Cubic |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Spinel is associated with renewal and is believed to promote selflessness and improvement. Historically, the gem was thought to shield wearers from harm and provide emotional stability. The vibrant colors of spinel contribute to its symbolic meaning, with red spinels representing vitality and passion, blue spinels embodying tranquility and wisdom, and pink spinels evoking romantic feelings.
As one of the August birthstones, spinel is believed to bestow positive energy and a sense of calm upon those born in that month. It is also considered a stone of immortality, perhaps stemming from its durability and enduring beauty.
Care and Cleaning
Spinel is a relatively durable gemstone, suitable for everyday wear. However, like all jewelry, it requires proper care to maintain its brilliance. Regular cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush is recommended. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam cleaners, as these can potentially damage the stone.
Due to its hardness, spinel is less prone to scratching than softer gemstones. However, it’s still advisable to store spinel jewelry separately from other gemstones to prevent abrasion. Periodic professional inspection and cleaning by a qualified jeweler can help ensure the longevity and beauty of spinel pieces.
August Birthstone Companions
Spinel shares the honor of being an August birthstone with peridot and sardonyx. Peridot, a green gemstone, represents lush greenery and promotes good health and peaceful sleep. Sardonyx, with its bands of red, brown, and white, symbolizes honesty and good behavior. Many individuals choose to wear all three August birthstones together, benefiting from their combined energies and enjoying the variety of colors and styles they offer.
Conclusion
Spinel, once overshadowed by its resemblance to ruby, has rightfully emerged as a celebrated gemstone in its own right. Its captivating colors, durable nature, and rich history make it a desirable choice for jewelry enthusiasts and a meaningful birthstone for those born in August. From its historical presence in royal collections to its modern recognition as a symbol of renewal and vitality, spinel continues to enchant and inspire. The addition of spinel to the list of August birthstones in 2016 has broadened the options for those seeking a gemstone that embodies the warmth, sunshine, and vibrant energy of the summer month.