August is unique among the birthstone calendar, boasting not one, but three official gemstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. This selection offers a diverse range of colors and symbolism for those born in the eighth month of the year. While peridot has held the primary position as the August birthstone since 1912, spinel was officially added in 2016 by the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) and Jewelers of America (JA), alongside the traditional sardonyx. Each of these gems carries its own distinct history, geological origins, and metaphysical properties, making August a particularly rich month for gemstone enthusiasts.
History and Lore
The history of August’s birthstones is a story of evolving traditions. Sardonyx has the longest-standing association with the month, serving as the traditional birthstone for many years. However, the 20th and 21st centuries have seen the rise in prominence of peridot and, more recently, spinel. Peridot’s name may originate from the Arabic word “faridat,” meaning “gem,” hinting at its long-held value. Throughout history, peridot has been associated with light, energy, and renewal, believed to ward off negative energy and encourage emotional healing.
Spinel’s addition to the official list in 2016 reflects a growing appreciation for this often-overlooked gemstone. For centuries, red spinel was frequently mistaken for ruby, and it was only in the 19th century that spinel was recognized as a distinct mineral species. Sardonyx, with its striking banded appearance, has been used for centuries in creating cameos and intaglios, prized for its beauty and durability.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these three August birthstones differ significantly. Peridot is unusual in that it forms not in the Earth’s crust, like most gemstones, but deep within the Earth’s mantle. These crystals are brought to the surface during volcanic eruptions, deposited in basalt rock as the magma cools. Remarkably, peridot has even been found embedded in pallasitic meteorites, such as the Jepara meteorite discovered on the island of Java, offering a truly extraterrestrial origin for some specimens.
Spinel’s formation is typically associated with metamorphic processes in magnesium-rich rocks. It can be found in association with other gemstones, such as ruby and sapphire, in marble deposits. Sardonyx, a variety of chalcedony, is formed through the layering of sard and onyx, resulting in its distinctive banded pattern.
Gemological Properties
Each of the August birthstones possesses unique gemological characteristics. Peridot is known for its vibrant green color, ranging from brownish to yellowish-green to a vivid lime green. It is one of the few gemstones that occurs in only one color, its shade determined by its iron composition. Peridot is a gem-quality form of the mineral forsterite.
Spinel, while most popular in vivid red, also comes in a variety of other colors, including pink, orange, blue, and even black. Its brilliance and fire make it a desirable gemstone for jewelry.
Sardonyx is characterized by its alternating layers of sard (reddish-brown) and onyx (white or black), creating a striking banded appearance. This layering is a result of the differing silica content during its formation.
Here's a comparative overview of key properties:
| Property | Peridot | Spinel | Sardonyx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Color | Green | Red, Pink, Blue, Black | Banded Red/Brown & White/Black |
| Mineral Family | Olivine | Spinel | Chalcedony |
| Formation | Mantle, Volcanic | Metamorphic | Layered Silica |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The August birthstones are rich in symbolism. Peridot is often associated with joy, abundance, and healing, representing growth, prosperity, and harmony. It is believed to support emotional clarity, self-confidence, and protection against negative energies.
Spinel is said to encourage renewal, vitality, and inspiration, fostering a sense of empowerment and positive change. It is believed to help release negativity and promote emotional well-being.
Sardonyx symbolizes strength, stability, and protection. It is thought to instill courage, promote decisiveness, and provide a grounding energy. It is also associated with protection against fear and anxiety.
Peridot is also linked to the Zodiac sign Virgo, while Sardonyx is associated with Leo. These connections further enhance the stones’ symbolic significance for individuals born under these signs.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of these August birthstones requires specific care. Peridot, with a hardness of 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, is relatively soft and susceptible to scratching. It should be protected from harsh impacts and abrasive materials. Cleaning peridot can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush.
Spinel, with a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, is more durable than peridot and can withstand more wear and tear. It can be cleaned using the same method as peridot.
Sardonyx, also with a hardness of 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, requires similar care to peridot. Avoid exposing it to harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the banded pattern. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth is recommended.
Choosing an August Birthstone
With three official birthstones to choose from, August-born individuals have a wide range of options. The choice ultimately depends on personal preference, style, and the desired symbolism. Peridot offers a vibrant green hue and represents growth and abundance. Spinel provides a dazzling array of colors and symbolizes renewal and vitality. Sardonyx, with its striking banded pattern, embodies strength and protection.
Many individuals choose to wear all three stones together, benefiting from their combined energies and appreciating the diversity of colors and styles. The versatility of these gemstones allows for a wide range of jewelry designs, from classic pendants and earrings to modern rings and bracelets.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a captivating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From their unique origins deep within the Earth to their diverse range of colors and metaphysical properties, these gemstones offer a meaningful connection to the month of August. Whether chosen for their beauty, their symbolic significance, or their association with a particular Zodiac sign, these birthstones are a celebration of color, history, and personal expression.