For those born in August, the choice of birthstone is richer than many realize. While peridot and sardonyx hold historical significance, spinel has emerged as a prominent and increasingly celebrated option. This gem, once mistaken for ruby and sapphire, boasts a fascinating history, a diverse range of colors – including captivating purples – and a durability that makes it ideal for everyday wear. This article will delve into the world of spinel, exploring its geological origins, historical context, gemological properties, and the symbolism associated with its vibrant hues.
A History of Misidentification and Rediscovery
Spinel’s story is one of mistaken identity. For centuries, particularly before advancements in gemological science, fine red spinel was often confused with ruby. Perhaps the most famous example is the “Black Prince’s Ruby,” a 170-carat red spinel set in the British Imperial State Crown. This stone, acquired by Edward, Prince of Wales, as payment for a battle victory, was believed to be a ruby for centuries before being correctly identified as spinel in the 18th century. Similarly, other historically significant red stones within royal collections, such as the Samarian Spinel, part of the Iranian Crown Jewels, were initially thought to be rubies.
The name “spinel” itself originates from the Latin word “spina,” meaning “thorn,” a reference to the crystal’s often elongated, pointed shape. While its recognition as a distinct gemstone came later, spinel has a long and storied past, appearing in ancient jewelry and holding a place in various cultures. Lodestone, a magnetic variety of spinel, was even believed to possess rejuvenating properties, with Cleopatra reportedly sleeping on it to maintain youthful skin.
Geological Formation and Global Sources
Spinel forms in metamorphic rocks, often alongside other gemstones like ruby and sapphire. It is also found in alluvial deposits, where it has been carried by water from its original source. The gem is sourced from a variety of locations around the globe, each producing spinel with unique characteristics.
Myanmar (Burma) is renowned for producing spinel in arresting colors, particularly hot pink and vivid red. Sri Lanka is a significant source of blue, pink, and purple spinel, found across the southern half of the country, specifically in the rolling hills of the Central Highlands and river gravels of the Ratnapura District. Northern Vietnam’s Luc Yen region yields spinel in deep red, purple, pink, vivid blue, violet, and violet-blue shades.
More recently, Tanzania has become a notable source, with discoveries in 2007 yielding pinkish and orangy-red spinel, as well as purple and blue varieties. Other sources include Tajikistan, Pakistan, and even India.
Gemological Properties: A Durable and Colorful Gem
Spinel boasts impressive gemological properties that contribute to its appeal. It registers an 8 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making it a durable gemstone suitable for all types of jewelry, including rings intended for daily wear. Unlike some gemstones prone to fracturing, spinel is generally stable when exposed to light and chemicals. However, exposure to high heat can cause some colors to fade.
The chemical formula of spinel is (Mg,Fe)Al2O4, indicating a composition of magnesium, iron, and aluminum oxide. While often associated with red hues due to the presence of chromium, spinel occurs in a remarkable range of colors. These include intense red, vivid pink, orange, purple, violet, blue, and bluish-green. Different colors have even been given industry-specific names: rubicelle for yellow-orange, almandine for purple, sapphirine for blue, and chlorospinel for green.
The gem’s luster is vitreous (glass-like), and it exhibits a single refractive index, contributing to its brilliance. Spinel does not typically display pleochroism (displaying different colors from different angles) as strongly as some other gemstones.
Here's a table summarizing key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Hardness (Mohs) | 8 |
| Chemical Formula | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Refractive Index | Approximately 1.719 |
| Cleavage | None |
| Specific Gravity | 3.58 – 4.00 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history and across cultures, spinel has been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Vivid red spinel is believed to encourage harmony and symbolize vitality. It has also been considered a remedy for blood loss and inflammatory diseases.
According to author Judy Hall, spinel possesses refreshing properties, capable of renewing energy and fostering perseverance in the face of challenges. She suggests that those who succeed through determination will accept victory with humility. The gem is also associated with calming energies and the ability to promote positive transformation.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of spinel jewelry is relatively straightforward. Due to its hardness, spinel is resistant to scratching and abrasion. It can be safely cleaned using ultrasonic and steam cleaners, although caution should be exercised if the stone exhibits fractures. A safe alternative is warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Regular cleaning will help preserve spinel’s brilliance and luster.
The Appeal of Purple Spinel
While spinel comes in a rainbow of colors, purple spinel is particularly sought after for its rarity and beauty. The intensity of the purple hue can vary, ranging from delicate lavender shades to deep, rich violet tones. The presence of iron and trace elements contributes to the purple coloration. Purple spinel is often associated with spirituality, intuition, and inner peace. Its captivating color makes it a unique and desirable gemstone for jewelry.
Conclusion
Spinel has rightfully earned its place as a prominent August birthstone. Once overshadowed by its resemblance to ruby and sapphire, spinel is now celebrated for its own unique qualities – its durability, its diverse range of colors, and its fascinating history. From the regal “Black Prince’s Ruby” to the vibrant purple spinels of Sri Lanka and Tanzania, this gem continues to captivate and inspire. Whether chosen for its beauty, its symbolism, or its historical significance, spinel is a gemstone worthy of appreciation.