For centuries, August was represented by peridot and sardonyx. However, in 2016, the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) and Jewelers of America officially added spinel as a modern birthstone for those born in this month, recognizing its brilliance and captivating range of colors. Often mistaken for other gemstones throughout history, spinel is now enjoying a well-deserved spotlight as a gemstone in its own right, appreciated by collectors and enthusiasts alike. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism of spinel, the newest addition to the August birthstone family.
A History of Misidentification
Spinel’s story is one of mistaken identity. For a considerable period, particularly in historical settings, red spinel was frequently confused with ruby, and blue spinel with sapphire. As noted in historical texts, some of the most celebrated “rubies” in royal collections were, in fact, spinel. The British Imperial State Crown famously features a large red stone long believed to be a ruby, but which was later identified as a spinel. Similarly, many historic “rubies” within Indian collections are now understood to be spinel. This confusion stemmed from the fact that spinel and ruby can occur in the same mines, and before the advent of modern gemological testing, distinguishing between the two was exceptionally difficult.
The name “spinel” itself reflects this historical association, with varieties being referred to as “ruby spinel,” “balas ruby,” and “rubicelle.” Edward Henry Kraus notes that spinel was often called “mother of ruby” due to this frequent misidentification. The ability to differentiate spinel relies on its cubic crystal structure, similar to garnet and diamond, which often displays twinning crystals – a characteristic not found in ruby’s trigonal structure. Furthermore, while rubies are often dichroic, displaying different hues when viewed from different angles, spinel tends to be one consistent color throughout the stone.
Geological Formation and Sources
Spinel forms in a variety of geological environments, often alongside other gemstones. It is found in metamorphic rocks, alluvial deposits, and within the earth’s mantle, sometimes brought to the surface by volcanic lava flows. While specific details regarding the formation processes are not detailed in the provided sources, the gem’s presence in meteorites adds to its mystique, though these specimens are typically too small for use in jewelry.
Historically, significant spinel deposits have been located in Myanmar (Burma), Sri Lanka, and Afghanistan. More recently, Madagascar has emerged as an important source of spinel, producing a diverse range of colors. The sources indicate that each region yields unique variations of the gemstone, contributing to its overall appeal.
Gemological Properties
Spinel is a highly durable gemstone, making it suitable for a variety of jewelry applications. While the provided sources do not offer a comprehensive list of gemological properties, they highlight key characteristics. Spinel’s colors are remarkably diverse, encompassing shades of red, blue, pink, lavender, and even black. Red spinel is particularly prized, often rivaling the color of ruby. Blue spinel, similarly, can be mistaken for sapphire.
The sources do not provide information on spinel’s hardness, refractive index, or chemical composition. However, the gem’s brilliance and sparkle are consistently noted, indicating a high degree of light return. The cubic crystal system of spinel contributes to its single refraction, meaning it does not exhibit the double refraction seen in some other gemstones.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, spinel has been associated with various symbolic meanings. Referred to as a “stone of immortality,” spinel has been linked to spirituality, energy, and revitalization. While the sources do not elaborate on the origins of these beliefs, the gem’s long history and association with royalty likely contributed to its positive connotations.
Sardonyx, one of the original August birthstones, also carries significant historical and symbolic weight. Referenced several times in the Bible, it was included in the high priest’s breastplate and considered one of the foundation stones of Jerusalem. Peridot, another August birthstone, has been called the “evening emerald” due to its ability to sparkle in both natural and artificial light, and was historically confused with emerald itself. Some historians even speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have included peridot.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for spinel. However, given its durability, it is likely that spinel can be cleaned using warm, soapy water and a soft brush. As with any gemstone, it is advisable to avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners. Further research into spinel’s hardness and other physical properties would be necessary to provide more detailed care recommendations.
The Evolution of August Birthstones
The story of August’s birthstones is one of evolving understanding and appreciation. Sardonyx, with its ancient roots, represents a connection to the past. Peridot, often mistaken for emerald, embodies a vibrant green hue. And spinel, the newest addition, signifies a recognition of a gemstone that was long overlooked. The inclusion of spinel as an August birthstone reflects a growing awareness of its unique beauty and historical significance. The fact that August now boasts three birthstones provides individuals with a wider range of choices, allowing them to select a gem that resonates with their personal style and preferences.
Conclusion
Spinel’s journey from a historically misidentified gem to a celebrated August birthstone is a testament to its inherent beauty and enduring appeal. Its vibrant colors, durability, and fascinating history make it a captivating choice for jewelry enthusiasts and collectors. The recent recognition of spinel as a birthstone has brought renewed attention to this remarkable gem, ensuring that its story will continue to unfold for generations to come. The addition of spinel to the August birthstone family enriches the tradition, offering a diverse and compelling selection of gemstones for those born in this month.