August boasts a unique distinction among the calendar months – it is represented by not one, but three birthstones: peridot, onyx, and spinel. This tradition, rooted in medieval practices and evolving through centuries of regional variations, offers a diverse range of choices for those born in August, each stone carrying its own history, symbolism, and aesthetic appeal. While peridot is often considered the primary or traditional August birthstone, onyx holds a historical claim as the original stone associated with the month, and spinel is the newest addition, gaining official recognition in 2016.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating gemstones with birth months traces its origins back to ancient roots, potentially linked to biblical texts and gaining prominence in Poland or Germany several centuries ago. This practice evolved over time, resulting in multiple sets of birthstones – ancient, traditional, and modern – reflecting regional differences and evolving gemological preferences. Sources vary on the precise origins of August’s three birthstones, with onyx being recognized as the “ancient” stone, peridot as the “traditional” choice, and spinel as the “modern” selection.
Onyx has a long history of use in jewelry, its granular structure lending itself well to shaping and polishing into cabochons, beads, or intricate cameos. Peridot, known as the “evening emerald” or the “gem of the Sun,” was highly valued by the ancient Egyptians. It is also referred to as "Pele's Tears," a reference to the Hawaiian volcano goddess of fire, Pele, as the gem is occasionally brought to the surface by volcanic activity. Spinel, while historically mistaken for other gemstones like ruby, has recently gained recognition as a distinct and valuable birthstone in its own right. Notably, some of the most famous rubies in history, including a prominent stone in the British Crown Jewels, were later identified as spinel.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a gem-quality variety of the mineral olivine, forming deep within the Earth. It is occasionally brought to the surface by volcanic activity and has even been found within certain types of meteorites, lending it an “extra-terrestrial allure.” The lovely green hue of peridot stems from its composition, varying from yellowish-green to olive or dark-green depending on the amount of iron present.
Onyx, with its granular structure, is not described in terms of geological formation within the provided sources. Spinel also comes in a rainbow of colors, including red, blue, pink, orange, lavender, black, violet, greenish-blue, grey, mauve, yellow, or brown. The sources do not detail the geological formation of onyx or spinel.
Gemological Properties
The provided sources offer limited detailed gemological data. Peridot is described as a sparkling green gem, and its color is attributed to its iron content. Onyx is noted for its granular structure and its tendency to absorb light, meaning it is not known for its sparkle. It is available in a variety of colors, including red, green, and black. Spinel is also noted for its diverse color range, encompassing vivid red, cobalt blue, pink, orange, lavender, black, violet, greenish-blue, grey, mauve, and yellow.
A comparison of hardness, based on general gemological knowledge (not provided in the sources), would place peridot at around 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, onyx between 6-6.5, and spinel around 8, making spinel the most durable of the three. However, this information is not explicitly stated in the provided materials.
The sources mention that lab-created cubic zirconia, colored to resemble peridot green, is frequently used in birthstone jewelry due to its cost-effectiveness and durability.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Onyx is associated with strength and protection. The wide range of colors available allows for a personalized gift, with green and black onyx being particularly favored in contemporary designs. Peridot, historically known as the “gem of the Sun,” is considered a brilliant gem suitable for any time of day. Spinel, due to its color variety, offers a broad spectrum of symbolic meanings depending on the hue.
The Claddagh, a traditional Irish symbol of love, loyalty, and friendship, is often incorporated into jewelry featuring birthstones. The Claddagh design features a heart (love), crowned (loyalty), and held by two hands (friendship). This symbol is frequently paired with birthstones, including those for August, in pendants and necklaces. The Trinity Knot, another significant Celtic symbol representing eternity and unity, is also used in birthstone jewelry.
Jewelry and Craftsmanship
The sources highlight the availability of peridot, onyx, and spinel in various jewelry styles. Peridot is featured in silver pendants shaped like flowers and sunbursts, often accented with gold. Onyx is used in designs favoring green and black stones, sometimes cut with facets to create a shimmer. Spinel’s diverse colors allow for a wide range of design possibilities.
Celtic jewelry often incorporates these birthstones, particularly within the Claddagh and Trinity Knot designs. Sterling silver is a common metal used in these pieces, often hallmarked for authenticity. Cubic zirconia, mimicking the color of peridot, is frequently used as a more affordable alternative in birthstone jewelry.
Care and Cleaning
The sources do not provide specific care instructions for peridot, onyx, or spinel. However, based on general gemological knowledge (not provided in the sources), peridot and spinel require gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Onyx, due to its softer nature, should be handled with care to avoid scratches. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners when cleaning these gemstones.
Modern Adaptations and Purchasing Options
Today, due to the cost and rarity of gem-quality stones, birthstone jewelry is often made with lab-created cubic zirconia in a peridot green hue, capturing the beauty and sparkle of the mineral at a lower price point. Several retailers, such as Celtic Jewelry and My Irish Jeweler, offer a range of birthstone jewelry featuring these August stones, often incorporating traditional Celtic designs. These retailers emphasize craftsmanship, ethical sourcing, and customization options.
Conclusion
The three birthstones of August – peridot, onyx, and spinel – represent a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and geological origins. From the ancient Egyptians’ reverence for peridot to the enduring strength associated with onyx and the recently recognized beauty of spinel, each stone offers a unique connection to the month of August. Whether choosing a traditional peridot piece, a historically significant onyx design, or a vibrant spinel creation, those born in August have a diverse and meaningful selection of gemstones to celebrate their birth month.