For those born in the heart of summer, July and August offer vibrant birthstones steeped in history and lore. July is graced by the intense, passionate red of the ruby, while August boasts the lively green of the peridot, alongside the historical significance of sardonyx and the more recently recognized spinel. These gemstones, each with unique origins and symbolism, have captivated civilizations for centuries and continue to hold a special place in the world of jewelry and gemology. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance of these remarkable stones.
A History of Regal Reds and Verdant Greens
The ruby, the July birthstone, has a long and storied past. Historically, significant ruby deposits were found in Myanmar (formerly Burma), and more recently in Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar. Its history is interwoven with tales of power, protection, and passion. In Medieval times, the ruby was believed to bestow wealth, health, and success in love. Some cultures even believed the stone could predict danger or cure inflammatory diseases.
The August birthstone, peridot, also carries a rich history, though often mistaken for other gems. The Red Sea island of Topazios, from which the name “topaz” originates, was actually a source of peridot. Historically, peridot was sometimes confused with emeralds, as evidenced by the 200 carats of gems adorning the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral, which were once believed to be emeralds. Some historians speculate that even Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have included peridot. Sardonyx, a traditional August birthstone, has a history dating back over 4,000 years.
Geological Formation and Sources
Rubies are formed under specific geological conditions, typically in metamorphic rocks. The intense color of the ruby comes from trace amounts of chromium. The primary sources, as noted, include Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, and Madagascar.
Peridot, a variety of the mineral olivine, is uniquely formed. It can be found in hardened lava, carried from deep within the Earth’s mantle, and even in meteorites originating from outer space. This unusual origin contributes to its mystique. While specific mining locations aren’t extensively detailed in the provided sources beyond the initial discovery sites, the gem’s presence in both terrestrial and extraterrestrial formations is noteworthy.
Gemological Properties: Ruby
The ruby is highly valued for its deep red color. While the sources do not provide specific chemical formulas or refractive indices, they emphasize its value as a gemstone. The sources indicate that ruby is durable enough to be used in engagement rings, possessing a Mohs hardness of 7.5 or higher, meaning it is resistant to abrasion from everyday wear.
Gemological Properties: Peridot
Peridot is known for its yellowish-green to greenish-yellow hue. It is the gem variety of the mineral olivine. The sources do not provide detailed gemological data such as refractive index or specific gravity. However, like ruby, peridot is durable enough to withstand decades of wear when properly protected in a mounting, possessing a Mohs hardness of 7.5 or higher.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The ruby, with its fiery red color, is often associated with deep emotion, passion, and love. It is considered a stone of courage and vitality.
Peridot, on the other hand, is linked to serenity, harmony, and good health. It is regarded as a stone of compassion, symbolizing new life and rebirth. A popular belief suggests that setting peridot in gold will protect the wearer from nightmares.
August’s Trio: Peridot, Spinel, and Sardonyx
While peridot is considered the primary August birthstone, spinel and sardonyx also hold significance. Spinel, historically mistaken for ruby, gained recognition as a distinct gemstone more recently, offering an alternative to the more expensive ruby. Sardonyx, the original August birthstone, boasts a history stretching back over 4,000 years. The inclusion of three birthstones for August provides a wider range of colors and styles for those born in this month.
Birthstones for Engagement Rings
Both ruby and sapphire (mentioned in relation to durability) are durable enough to serve as center stones in engagement rings, due to their Mohs hardness of 7.5 or higher. This makes them suitable for everyday wear and ensures they can withstand decades of use when properly protected in a mounting.
Care and Cleaning
The sources do not provide specific care instructions for either ruby or peridot. However, given their hardness, both gemstones can likely be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. It is advisable to avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, as these could potentially damage the stones. Professional cleaning and inspection are recommended periodically to maintain their brilliance and integrity.
The Expanding Birthstone Chart
The modern birthstone chart has evolved over time, with additions like spinel, citrine, and tanzanite offering more choices. While traditional birthstones remain popular, the inclusion of modern options allows individuals to select stones that resonate with their personal preferences. In the United States, people often draw from both the traditional and modern lists, choosing the gems that appeal to them most. The availability and cost of gemstones also influence choices, with some traditional stones like turquoise being more affordable and readily accessible.
Conclusion
The July and August birthstones – ruby and peridot – represent a captivating blend of history, geological wonder, and cultural significance. The ruby, with its passionate red hue, embodies love and vitality, while the peridot, with its serene green tones, symbolizes harmony and rebirth. The inclusion of spinel and sardonyx for August further enriches the selection, offering a diverse range of options for those seeking a meaningful connection to their birthstone. These gemstones continue to inspire and enchant, serving as timeless symbols of beauty, strength, and enduring value.