For centuries, individuals born in August could claim either peridot or sardonyx as their birthstones. However, in 2016, spinel officially joined their ranks, offering a vibrant and historically significant addition to the August birthstone family. While historically mistaken for other gemstones, notably ruby, spinel possesses a unique character and a fascinating geological story. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism of spinel, exploring why this gem is gaining recognition among enthusiasts and collectors.
History and Lore
Spinel’s history is intertwined with that of other, more famous gemstones. For a considerable period, red spinel was frequently misidentified as ruby. Perhaps the most famous example is the “Black Prince’s Ruby,” a 170-carat red spinel that has been part of the British Imperial State Crown since the 18th century. Originally owned by Moorish and Spanish kings, the stone was believed to be a ruby until its chemical distinction was recognized. Similarly, the Samarian Spinel, the largest known fine red spinel, is a prominent part of the Iranian Crown Jewels, further illustrating the gem’s historical association with royalty and power.
The recognition of spinel as a distinct gemstone occurred gradually. By the 18th century, its chemical differences from ruby were understood, but the gem remained relatively unknown to the wider public. Today, spinel is celebrated for its own unique qualities and vibrant colors. Beyond its regal associations, spinel was also believed to possess healing properties. Vivid red spinel was thought to encourage harmony and symbolize vitality, while also serving as a remedy for blood loss and inflammatory diseases. Ancient beliefs also suggest that Cleopatra may have used lodestone, a magnetic variety of spinel, to maintain youthful-looking skin. During the Renaissance, spinel was favored by public speakers and orators, believed to enhance eloquence, and was thought to aid in attracting a spouse and fostering marital happiness.
Geological Formation and Sources
Spinel forms in a variety of geological environments, often alongside other gemstones. Notable sources include Tajikistan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Tanzania, and Pakistan. Myanmar is particularly renowned for producing spinel in arresting colors, especially hot pink and red varieties. Sri Lanka yields blue, pink, and purple spinel, often found in the rolling hills of the Central Highlands and river gravels of the Ratnapura District.
In northern Vietnam, the Luc Yen region is a significant source of spinel, producing stones in a wide range of colors including deep red, purple, pink, vivid blue, violet, and violet-blue. A more recent discovery, in 2007, brought pinkish and orangy-red spinel to the market from Tanzania. The gem’s formation often occurs in metamorphic rocks, such as marbles, and in alluvial deposits where it has been eroded from its original source.
Gemological Properties
Spinel is a magnesium aluminum oxide mineral with the chemical formula MgAl₂O₄. It crystallizes in the isometric system, typically forming octahedra. While often compared to ruby and sapphire, spinel possesses distinct gemological characteristics.
The color range of spinel is remarkably diverse, encompassing intense red, vivid pink, orange, purple, violet, blue, and bluish-green hues. This wide spectrum of colors contributes to its increasing popularity. Spinel’s interesting distinction from other gems is its magnetic properties; the lodestone variety is highly magnetic and was historically used in magnetizing compass needles.
While a detailed table of gemological properties isn’t available in the provided sources, spinel generally exhibits good transparency and a vitreous luster. Its hardness is 8 on the Mohs scale, making it a durable gemstone suitable for various jewelry applications.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, spinel has accumulated a rich tapestry of symbolism. As previously mentioned, red spinel is associated with vitality and harmony, while its use in ancient healing practices suggests a belief in its restorative powers. The gem’s association with royalty and power, exemplified by its presence in imperial crowns, imbues it with a sense of prestige and authority.
The diverse colors of spinel also contribute to its symbolic meaning. While specific color associations aren’t detailed in the provided sources, it’s reasonable to infer that different hues may have been attributed different qualities in various cultures. The gem’s relatively recent recognition as a birthstone further enhances its symbolic significance for those born in August, offering a unique and meaningful connection to the month of their birth.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, spinel is a relatively durable gemstone. However, like all jewelry, it requires proper care to maintain its brilliance. Spinel can be safely cleaned using warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam cleaners, as these may damage the stone. It is also advisable to store spinel jewelry separately from other gemstones to prevent scratching.
Conclusion
Spinel, the newest addition to the August birthstone family, represents a captivating blend of history, beauty, and geological intrigue. Once mistaken for ruby, spinel has emerged as a gemstone in its own right, celebrated for its vibrant colors, durability, and fascinating lore. From its presence in royal collections to its ancient healing properties, spinel continues to captivate gem enthusiasts and jewelry lovers alike. Its increasing recognition as a birthstone ensures that this gem will continue to shine brightly for generations to come.