August is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, sardonyx, and spinel. These gemstones, each with its own distinct history, properties, and symbolism, offer a diverse range of choices for those born in the eighth month of the year. From ancient associations with protection and strength to modern appreciation for their vibrant colors and unique formations, these stones have captivated humanity for centuries. This article will explore the fascinating world of August’s birthstones, delving into their geological origins, historical significance, and enduring appeal.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient astrological beliefs. Astrologers believed that each gem bestowed security or protection upon individuals born during its corresponding month. While sardonyx initially held the position as August’s sole birthstone, peridot was later added, becoming the primary gemstone associated with the month. More recently, in 2016, spinel was officially recognized as an August birthstone, joining the ranks of peridot and sardonyx. This addition makes August one of only a few months with three designated gemstones.
Sardonyx has a particularly long history, with mentions in the Bible as one of the foundation stones of Jerusalem and a component of the high priest’s breastplate. Peridot, sometimes referred to as the “evening emerald” due to its light green hue, was once believed to contain the tears of the volcano goddess Pele, found within volcanic ashes. Setting peridot in gold was thought to ward off nightmares. During the Renaissance, peridot was favored by public speakers and orators, believed to enhance eloquence. It was also considered a stone to attract love and ensure marital happiness.
Spinel, the newest addition to August’s birthstone family, has a more recent recognition but a rich history nonetheless. Its name originates from the Latin word “spina,” meaning thorn, referencing its crystal structure. Traditionally, spinel was gifted to celebrate 22 years of marriage.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of these August birthstones originates through distinct geological processes and is sourced from various locations around the globe.
Sardonyx is a variety of chalcedony, a layered form of silica. Its distinctive banded appearance is created by alternating layers of sard (reddish-brown) and onyx (black or white). Significant sources of sardonyx include India, Brazil, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Madagascar, Uruguay, and the United States. The most notable differences between strata are found in India.
Peridot forms deep within the Earth’s mantle and is brought to the surface through volcanic activity. This unique origin contributes to its vibrant green color.
Spinel is found in metamorphic rocks and alluvial deposits. Key sources of spinel include Tajikistan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Tanzania, and Pakistan. Myanmar is particularly renowned for producing spinel in arresting colors like hot pink and red. Sri Lanka yields blue, pink, and purple spinel, often found in the rolling hills of the Central Highlands and river gravels. Northern Vietnam’s Luc Yen region is known for deep red, purple, pink, vivid blue, violet, and violet-blue spinel. Tanzania has also become a source of pinkish and orangy-red spinel since 2007.
Gemological Properties
The three August birthstones differ significantly in their gemological properties, contributing to their unique appearances and values.
Peridot: Known for its vibrant green color, peridot is a relatively soft gemstone. Specific data regarding its chemical composition or refractive index is not provided in the sources.
Sardonyx: This banded gemstone exhibits a hardness of 6.5 on the Mohs scale. It is composed of alternating layers of sard and onyx, both forms of chalcedony.
Spinel: Spinel is available in a wide range of colors, including intense red, vivid pink, orange, purple, violet, blue, and bluish-green. The sources do not provide specific details regarding its chemical composition or hardness.
| Gemstone | Color | Hardness (Mohs) | Composition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | Green | Not specified | Not specified |
| Sardonyx | Banded Red/White | 6.5 | Chalcedony (Sard & Onyx) |
| Spinel | Various (Red, Pink, Blue, etc.) | Not specified | Not specified |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these August birthstones has been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties.
Peridot is often associated with strength and protection. Ancient beliefs suggest it could protect the wearer from nightmares when set in gold.
Sardonyx is believed to offer courage, happiness, and protection. Its layered structure is thought to represent strength and stability.
Spinel, while a more recent addition to the August birthstone list, is associated with revitalization and renewal. Its vibrant colors are believed to inspire passion and creativity.
Care and Cleaning
Due to their differing hardness levels, each of these gemstones requires specific care to maintain its beauty. Sardonyx, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5, is relatively durable but can still be scratched by harder materials. Peridot and spinel require gentle handling to avoid damage. General cleaning can be performed with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, as these may damage the gemstones.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, sardonyx, and spinel – represent a captivating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From ancient origins as protective talismans to modern appreciation for their vibrant colors and unique formations, these gemstones continue to enchant and inspire. Whether chosen for their astrological significance, aesthetic appeal, or personal meaning, these three gems offer a diverse and beautiful representation of the August spirit.