The concept of birthstones – gemstones associated with specific months or periods of birth – has a rich and evolving history. While modern lists are widely recognized, the tradition stems from ancient beliefs and has been interpreted differently across cultures. This article explores the diverse origins of birthstone associations, focusing on historical lists compiled by various traditions, and a unique connection to animal totems as found in Native American lore, as well as a fascinating system used in the virtual world of “Fairyland.”
The practice of linking gemstones to specific months dates back to the Book of Exodus, as referenced in Jewish tradition. This foundational list, along with others developed over time, has shaped the birthstone charts commonly used today. George Frederick Kunz, a prominent American mineralogist, further contributed to the evolution of these lists around 100 years ago, specifically aiming to promote the use of gemstones found within the United States. His compilation offered an alternative to established norms, introducing stones like Californite for March and Kunzite for September.
Historical Birthstone Lists
Several distinct lists of birthstones have emerged throughout history. The “High Priest” birthstones, as documented in one historical compilation, present a different selection than the more familiar modern choices. For January, this list designates Red Jasper, while February is linked to Serpentine. March is associated with Amazonite, April with Almandine Garnet, and May with Lapis Lazuli. The list continues with Onyx for June, Amber for July, Banded Agate for August, Amethyst for September, Yellow Jasper for October, Malachite for November, and Jade for December.
Alongside this, a “Hindu” birthstone list offers yet another perspective. Serpent-stone is assigned to January, Moonstone to February, and a “gold Siva-linga” to March. April corresponds to Diamond, May to Emerald, June to Pearl, July to Sapphire, August to Ruby, September to Zircon, October to Coral, November to Cat’s eye, and December to Topaz.
Kunz’s “USA Birthstones” list, intended to highlight American gemstones, provides a third alternative. Rhodolite Garnet is designated for January, Amethyst for February, Californite for March, Sapphire for April, Green Tourmaline for May, Moss Agate for June, Turquoise for July, Golden Beryl for August, Kunzite for September, Aquamarine for October, Topaz for November, and Rubellite for December.
These variations demonstrate that the assignment of birthstones is not a fixed, universally agreed-upon system, but rather a cultural construct that has evolved over time.
The Fairyland System: Birthstones and Zodiac Wildlife
A unique and imaginative system of birthstone association exists within the virtual world of “Fairyland.” This system connects birthstones not to months, but to specific Zodiac animals. The core mechanic involves collecting “Magical Birthstones” by spotting Zodiac Wildlife. Each animal, when spotted ten times, yields a specific birthstone. These birthstones are then used to nurture corresponding “Baby Wildlife.”
For example, spotting ten Pelicans yields an Amethyst, used to nurture a Baby Meerkat, Baby Wallaby, or Baby Pelican. Similarly, ten Fish yield an Aquamarine, used for Baby Raccoons, Zebras, or Fish. This system intricately links the gemstone to the animal kingdom, creating a playful and engaging method of assigning meaning to each stone. Other examples include Blue Topaz (dropped by Centaurs, nurturing Elephants, Aardvarks, or Centaurs), Citrine (dropped by Scorpions, nurturing Tortoises, Gazelles, or Scorpions), and Diamond (dropped by Rams, nurturing Badgers, Sugar Gliders, or Rams). Emeralds are obtained from Bulls and nurture Lop Eared Bunnies, Anteaters, or Bulls, while Garnets are dropped by Sea Goats and nurture Foxes, Wombats, or Sea-Goats. Opal is associated with Peacocks, nurturing Hedgehogs, Kangaroos, or Peacocks.
This system highlights a creative approach to birthstone symbolism, emphasizing the connection between the natural world and the energetic properties of gemstones.
Native American Birthstones and Animal Totems
Another fascinating perspective on birthstones comes from Native American traditions, which associate each month with an animal totem and a corresponding gemstone. This system views the animal as a spirit guide and the gemstone as a conduit to connect with that spirit.
The Goose, representing December 22 – January 19, is linked to Quartz. The Otter, for January 20 – February 18, is associated with Turquoise. The Wolf, representing February 19 – March 20, corresponds to Jade. The Falcon, for March 21 – April 19, is linked to Opal. The Bear, representing August 22 – September 21, is associated with Amethyst. The Raven, for September 22 – October 22, corresponds to Azurite. The Snake, representing October 23 – November 22, is linked to Copper. The Owl, for November 23 – December 21, is associated with Obsidian.
These animal totems are believed to embody specific characteristics and energies, which are amplified by the corresponding gemstone. For instance, the Bear, associated with level-headed thinking and generosity, finds its energy enhanced by Amethyst. The Raven, known for intelligence and charm, is linked to Azurite, a stone believed to enhance clairvoyance.
Genuine vs. Imitation Birthstones
The market offers both genuine and imitation birthstones. Genuine birthstones are natural gemstones associated with a specific birth month. These stones exhibit variations in color and may contain natural inclusions. Imitation birthstones, on the other hand, are designed to replicate the appearance of natural gemstones, often utilizing materials like cubic zirconia or lab-grown synthetics. Cubic zirconia is a common substitute, offering a similar visual effect at a lower cost.
Conclusion
The history of birthstones is a testament to humanity’s enduring fascination with gemstones and their perceived powers. From ancient traditions rooted in religious texts to modern interpretations influenced by mineralogists and cultural beliefs, the assignment of gemstones to specific months or periods has evolved significantly. The unique systems found in “Fairyland” and Native American lore further demonstrate the diverse and imaginative ways in which birthstones can be connected to the natural world and the human spirit. Understanding these different perspectives provides a richer appreciation for the cultural significance and enduring appeal of these captivating gems.