Ammolite is a relatively recent addition to the world of gemstones, officially recognized by the World Jewellery Confederation in 1981. This unique gem is not a mineral in the traditional sense, but rather the fossilized shell of the prehistoric ammonite, a sea creature that thrived approximately 70 to 75 million years ago. Primarily sourced from Alberta, Canada, and to a lesser extent Montana, USA, ammolite displays a captivating play of color, making it a sought-after material for jewelry and collectors. While not traditionally associated with a specific birth month, ammolite is gaining recognition for its purported metaphysical properties and striking beauty. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological characteristics, and cultural significance of this fascinating gemstone.
History and Lore
The story of ammolite is intertwined with the history of the ammonite itself, an ancient cephalopod that inhabited Earth’s inland seas during the Cretaceous period. The earliest known use of ammonite shells dates back to approximately 1962, though their initial applications were varied and not necessarily focused on their gemological potential. It wasn’t until the efforts of Canadian entrepreneur Marcel Charbonneau in the 1980s that ammolite began to emerge as a gemstone. Charbonneau recognized the potential for beauty within the polished ammonite shells he discovered in a rock shop and dedicated himself to unlocking their iridescent qualities.
Traditionally, the Blackfoot Nation referred to ammolite as the “buffalo stone,” believing it brought good luck to its owners. A legend recounts a time of hardship when a Blackfoot woman followed a song to discover a piece of ammolite alongside buffalo hair. A subsequent buffalo ceremony led to the return of the buffalo herds, saving her people from starvation. This story highlights the stone’s historical connection to prosperity and survival. While not a long-established gem in historical records like diamonds or rubies, ammolite’s relatively recent discovery and promotion have quickly established it as a unique and valuable gemstone.
Geological Formation and Sources
Ammolite originates from the fossilized shells of ammonites, specifically those found within the Bearpaw Formation. This geological formation stretches across parts of Alberta, Canada, and Montana, USA, and is exceptionally rich in ammonite fossils. The mines in Southern Alberta can extend up to 100 meters deep to reach the desired geological zone where these fossils are concentrated.
The formation of ammolite is a complex process. The original ammonite shell was composed of nacre, or mother-of-pearl, which gradually transformed into aragonite over millions of years. The iridescent colors seen in ammolite are a result of the interplay of light with trace amounts of iron pyrite within the aragonite structure. This creates a diffraction effect, similar to that seen in pearls, resulting in a stunning display of shifting colors.
The majority of commercially available ammolite is sourced from Alberta, Canada, where Starborn partners with local miners to legally export the registered fossils. A five-acre region of Southern Alberta is known for its high-quality ammolite specimens. Investment-grade ammolite, accompanied by a certificate of grading from a graduate gemologist, is sourced from the premier ammonite mine in the region, with Metalsmiths Sterling having an exclusive supply of their finest specimens.
Gemological Properties
Ammolite is an organic gemstone, meaning it originates from organic matter rather than inorganic mineral processes. Its hardness ranges from 3.5 to 4 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively soft compared to other gemstones. This lower hardness requires careful handling and protection to prevent scratching or damage.
The most defining characteristic of ammolite is its iridescence, displaying a broad spectrum of colors including blues, greens, oranges, and reds. The intensity and range of colors vary depending on the angle of light and the concentration of iron pyrite within the aragonite. This optical effect, known as iridescence or opalescence, is similar to that seen in soap bubbles, where different colors appear as the viewing angle changes.
Ammolite is typically found in thin layers within the ammonite shell. Craftsmen often employ a cabochon cut, mounting the thin shell pieces on a support plate to provide stability and enhance the display of color. The gem is composed of aragonite, the same mineral found in pearls, but its unique coloration is due to the presence of iron pyrite.
Here's a table summarizing key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Hardness (Mohs) | 3.5 - 4 |
| Composition | Aragonite, Iron Pyrite |
| Origin | Organic (Fossilized Ammonite Shell) |
| Color | Iridescent: Blues, Greens, Oranges, Reds |
| Luster | Pearly, Iridescent |
| Transparency | Opaque |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Ammolite is considered by some to be a powerful energy-aligned and metaphysical stone. Astrologically, it is believed to contain ancient planetary wisdom, promoting spiritual growth and intuitive development. The stone is thought to assist with dream work and provide emotional care, aiding individuals in recovering from past trauma.
Different color spectra within ammolite are associated with specific chakra activations. Red and orange hues are believed to energize the root and sacral chakras, while green and blue tones activate the heart and throat chakras.
Ammolite is often recommended for individuals seeking success, professional advancement, and spiritual enlightenment. It is believed to be particularly beneficial for those who desire to deepen their intuition and connect with their inner selves. The stone is said to represent life’s balance, bringing prosperity, enlightenment, and luck to its wearer.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its relatively low hardness, ammolite requires careful handling and cleaning. It is advisable to avoid exposure to heat and direct sunlight, as these can potentially damage the stone. Cleaning should be performed with mild soap and water, and the gemstone should be wrapped in a soft cloth for storage. Harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners should be avoided, as they can compromise the delicate aragonite structure and diminish the iridescence.
Conclusion
Ammolite stands as a unique and captivating gemstone, born from the fossilized remains of ancient sea creatures. Its iridescent beauty, coupled with its relatively recent discovery and intriguing lore, has quickly established it as a sought-after material for jewelry and collectors. While not a traditional birthstone, its purported metaphysical properties and striking appearance continue to attract those seeking a connection to the natural world and a touch of ancient history. The careful mining and preservation of this organic gemstone ensure that its captivating colors will continue to inspire and enchant for generations to come.