Ammolite is a relatively recent addition to the world of recognized gemstones, gaining official status in 1981. This unique gem, celebrated for its vibrant iridescence and captivating play of color, originates from the fossilized shells of ammonites – prehistoric marine creatures that lived millions of years ago. While not traditionally associated with a specific month, ammolite is recognized as a birthstone for January by some sources. This article will delve into the history, geological formation, gemological properties, and cultural significance of this remarkable gemstone.
History and Lore
The story of ammolite is inextricably linked to the ammonites themselves, ancient cephalopods resembling nautilus shells, which thrived during the Cretaceous and Jurassic periods. These creatures went extinct approximately 65 million years ago, leaving behind their fossilized remains. The name “ammolite” is derived from Ammon, the ancient Egyptian god depicted with a ram’s head and twisted horns, a visual similarity to the spiral structure of the ammonite shell.
Commercial mining of ammolite began in 1981, following its recognition by the World Jewellery Confederation. Prior to this, the iridescent shells were known to Indigenous peoples of North America, who utilized them for ornamental purposes and held them in spiritual regard. Modern interpretations attribute meanings of prophetic dreams, protection, and overcoming challenges to the stone. Some believe ammolite awakens positive energy, stimulates creativity, and promotes wisdom, intellect, and wealth, earning it the moniker “gem of enlightenment.”
Geological Formation and Sources
Ammolite is formed within the fossilized shells of ammonites, specifically from the aragonite layers. These layers, composed of calcium carbonate, contain trace elements such as silica, calcite, and pyrite, along with aluminum, barium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, strontium, titanium, and vanadium. These elements contribute to the gem’s distinctive iridescence. The process of fossilization, combined with millions of years of tectonic pressure, transforms the aragonite into the vibrant gemstone we know today.
The primary source of ammolite is the Bearpaw Formation, a geological formation spanning parts of Alberta, Canada, and Montana, USA. Within this region, particularly in Southern Alberta, Canada, commercial mining operations extract the gemstone from depths reaching up to 100 meters. KORITE International owns and operates the world’s largest commercial ammolite mine within Alberta’s Bearpaw formation. Mining practices emphasize environmental responsibility, with efforts made to restore the land after extraction, including replanting native grasses. The gem is typically mined from layers dating back 71 million years or more.
Gemological Properties
Ammolite possesses a unique combination of gemological properties. Its chemical composition is primarily aragonite, with varying trace elements influencing its color. The crystal structure is orthorhombic. On the Mohs Hardness Scale, ammolite ranges from 3.5 to 4, making it a relatively soft gemstone. Its specific gravity falls between 2.60 and 2.85.
The most striking characteristic of ammolite is its iridescence, displaying a rainbow of colors including red, orange, yellow, blue, green, and purple. The intensity and variety of colors depend on the angle of light and the specific composition of the aragonite layers. The luminous qualities of ammolite are often compared to those of black opal.
Due to its relative softness, ammolite is often protected with a layer of spinel crystal, which increases its surface hardness to approximately 8.5. Ammolite is not generally treated to enhance its color, as its natural iridescence is considered its most valuable feature.
Here's a table summarizing key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Aragonite (CaCO3) with trace elements |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 3.5 - 4 |
| Specific Gravity | 2.60 - 2.85 |
| Luster | Iridescent |
| Major Colors | Red, Green, Blue, Orange, Yellow |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Beyond its aesthetic appeal, ammolite is associated with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. It is believed to enhance prophetic dreams and improve dream recall. Some practitioners utilize ammolite for healing purposes, suggesting it can aid during childbirth, boost physical vitality, stabilize pulse and blood pressure, regulate metabolism, and reduce depression. It is also thought to assist in detoxifying and purifying the body.
In Feng Shui, ammolite’s colorful display is believed to awaken positive energy and stimulate creativity. The gem is often referred to as a stone of protection, assisting in overcoming challenges, traumas, and catastrophes. These beliefs, while not scientifically proven, contribute to the gem’s appeal among crystal healers and those seeking spiritual connection.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its relatively low hardness, ammolite requires careful handling and cleaning. It is advisable to avoid exposure to heat and direct sunlight. Cleaning should be performed with mild soap and water, and the gemstone should be wrapped in a soft cloth for storage. Harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners should be avoided, as they can damage the delicate surface of the gem.
Grading and Quality
KORITE International, a leading authority in the ammolite industry, has established grading standards based on brilliance, color variety, and clarity. Ammolite is graded into four categories: AAA, AA, A, and Standard. The highest grades, AAA and AA, represent only a small percentage (approximately 3-5%) of KORITE’s annual production, signifying their exceptional rarity and beauty. Investment-grade ammolite is typically accompanied by a certificate of grading from a graduate gemologist, detailing the specific characteristics of the specimen.
Conclusion
Ammolite stands as a unique and captivating gemstone, born from the fossilized remains of ancient marine life. Its vibrant iridescence, coupled with its relatively recent discovery and recognition, has established it as a sought-after gem among collectors and jewelry enthusiasts. While not a traditional birthstone for any specific month, its association with January is growing. From its geological origins in the Bearpaw Formation to its symbolic meanings of protection and enlightenment, ammolite continues to fascinate and inspire. Its delicate nature necessitates careful handling, but its beauty and rarity ensure its enduring appeal for generations to come.