For those born in August, the distinction of having not one, but three birthstones – spinel, peridot, and sardonyx – is a testament to the evolving history of these cherished gems. While modern lists solidify these as the stones for the eighth month, the journey to this standardization reveals centuries of shifting traditions and evolving gemological understanding. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism associated with these three August birthstones, drawing upon established traditions and the recent standardization of birthstone lists.
A History of Changing Attributions
The concept of birthstones dates back to ancient times, with associations often linked to the zodiac. However, the standardization of birthstones as we know them today is a relatively recent phenomenon. Originally, sardonyx held sole claim to August, deeply rooted in ancient beliefs regarding courage and protection. Sources indicate that this gemstone was used for wax seals and worn as a talisman against negative energy.
The 20th century brought significant changes. In 1912, the National Association of Jewelers convened to standardize the American birthstone list, aiming to create a practical and marketable selection for jewelers. This list drew upon existing customs but also considered commercial viability. Further modifications occurred in 1952 by the Jewelry Industry Council of America, with additions like alexandrite, citrine, pink tourmaline, and zircon. More recently, in 2002, tanzanite was added to December’s offerings, and in 2016, spinel officially joined the ranks of August birthstones, alongside peridot which had been added previously. This demonstrates a continuing evolution, with the modern list representing a blend of historical tradition and contemporary preference. Individuals often choose between the traditional and modern lists based on personal taste.
Spinel: From Ruby Imposter to Standalone Gem
For centuries, vibrant red spinel was often mistaken for ruby. It wasn’t until the late 19th century that spinel was definitively recognized as a distinct mineral species. This gemstone boasts a remarkable range of colors, appearing in almost every hue imaginable. The most highly prized spinels exhibit a rich red or pink coloration, closely resembling ruby, and were historically used as a more affordable alternative.
Spinel is sourced from various locations worldwide, including Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Myanmar. Its durability is notable, scoring between 7.5 and 8 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making it suitable for everyday wear. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, spinel is believed to possess spiritual properties, enhancing vitality, promoting positive energy, and fostering a sense of peace and calm.
Peridot: The Stone of Sunshine and Ancient Beliefs
Peridot, the second birthstone for August, is celebrated for its distinctive bright green color. This vibrant hue stems from its composition as a variety of olivine mineral, formed deep within the Earth’s mantle. Peridot’s origins are geographically diverse, with notable deposits found in Egypt, Myanmar, and the United States.
Ranking 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, peridot is moderately durable. Historically, it was believed to ward off evil spirits and protect against nightmares. It also symbolized strength, courage, and abundance. Intriguingly, some historians suggest that Cleopatra’s favored gemstone, often referred to as emerald, may have actually been peridot. The stone is associated with promoting positivity, happiness, and confidence, contributing to its enduring appeal.
Sardonyx: Bands of Strength and Protection
Sardonyx is a unique chalcedony gemstone characterized by its distinctive banded appearance, composed of layers of red-brown sard and white onyx. This gemstone was originally the sole birthstone for August, predating the addition of peridot and spinel. It is found in various countries, including India, Brazil, and the United States.
With a hardness of 6.5 out of 10 on the Mohs scale, sardonyx is reasonably durable. In ancient times, it was believed to impart courage, strength, and protection to the wearer. It was also practically utilized for creating wax seals and served as a talisman against negative energies. Sardonyx is believed to promote courage, self-control, and motivation.
Gemological Properties at a Glance
The following table summarizes the key gemological properties of the three August birthstones:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Mohs Hardness | Color(s) | Notable Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spinel | Magnesium Aluminum Oxide (MgAl₂O₄) | 7.5-8 | Almost every color; Red and pink are most prized | Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Myanmar |
| Peridot | Olivine (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄ | 6.5-7 | Bright Green | Egypt, Myanmar, United States |
| Sardonyx | Silica (SiO₂) – Chalcedony | 6.5 | Banded Red-Brown and White | India, Brazil, United States |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of these August birthstones carries its own unique symbolism and metaphysical associations. Spinel is linked to revitalization and positive energy, while peridot is associated with protection, strength, and happiness. Sardonyx, with its historical roots, embodies courage, self-control, and a shield against negativity. These beliefs, passed down through generations, contribute to the enduring allure of these gemstones.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of these August birthstones requires understanding their individual properties. Spinel, with its higher hardness, is relatively durable and can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Peridot, being somewhat softer, requires more gentle handling. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, opting instead for a soft cloth and mild soap. Sardonyx, also moderately durable, can be cleaned similarly to spinel, but avoid abrasive materials that could damage its banded pattern.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – spinel, peridot, and sardonyx – represent a fascinating intersection of history, geology, and cultural belief. From the ancient use of sardonyx as a protective talisman to the recent recognition of spinel as a distinct gemstone, their stories reflect the evolving understanding and appreciation of these beautiful minerals. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, their symbolic meaning, or their historical significance, these three gemstones offer a diverse and compelling range of options for those born in the eighth month.