Amber is a unique and captivating gemstone, distinguished not as a mineral formed through geological processes, but as fossilized tree resin. While not traditionally categorized as a stone, its ornamental beauty and historical significance have secured its place among valued gems. Recognized as a birthstone for both Cancer (June 21 to July 22) and Taurus (April 20 to May 20), amber holds a special resonance for those born under these astrological signs. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, properties, symbolism, and care of this remarkable organic gem, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
Amber’s history stretches back millennia, with evidence of its use dating back as far as 15,000 years ago. Archaeological findings in the French Pyrenees reveal that Paleolithic humans stored amber in caves, demonstrating its early appeal. Further evidence from the British Isles shows amber being carved into beads between 13,000 and 11,000 years ago, indicating its use in personal adornment from a very early period.
Throughout history, amber has been attributed with various powers. Legend suggests that magicians and sorcerers believed amber enhanced their abilities. More broadly, it was thought to bestow love, strength, luck, healing, and protection upon its wearer. It was also believed to calm hyperactivity and stressed nerves, and to inspire humour and joy.
Geological Formation and Sources
Amber originates as resin secreted by ancient trees, functioning as a protective barrier against fungus and other threats. When these trees eventually decayed, the resin remained, hardening over millions of years under pressure and heat. Most amber available today is between 30 and 90 million years old, a testament to the immense timescales involved in its formation.
Several regions are known for their amber deposits, each yielding unique varieties. Baltic amber, often referred to as the “gold of the north,” is particularly abundant and commonly found in jewelry and carvings. This amber is renowned for occasionally containing natural inclusions of insects, reptiles, and plants, perfectly preserved within the fossilized resin. Other notable sources include Burmese amber (known as burmite), found in a conflict zone and prized for its diverse fossil inclusions; Sicilian amber (simetite), sourced from the island of Sicily, Italy; and Rumanian amber (rumanite). A less common variety, Black Amber, is actually a dark red or brown color formed when the resin mixed with soil or other dark-colored intrusions.
Gemological Properties
Amber is not a crystal or a mineral, but an organic gem. It ranges in color from pale yellow to deep orange, milky white, and even shades of red, green, or violet, depending on the plant material preserved within it. There are 256 identified shades of amber, showcasing its diverse color palette. While commonly honey-brown, blue amber is sometimes found, often originating from the Dominican Republic, though Baltic amber can be treated to achieve a similar deep blue effect.
Amber possesses a unique property: it generates a slight electric charge when rubbed with a cloth. This characteristic is, in fact, where the word “electricity” originates, derived from the Greek word for amber, “elektron.”
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Amber is rich in symbolism, representing a connection to nature, ancient wisdom, and the preservation of life. It is associated with patience, protection, psychic shielding, romantic love, sensuality, purification, balance, and healing. It is believed to bring a carefree, sunny disposition, promote success and good luck, and dissolve oppositions.
The stone’s association with the sun is particularly strong, especially for those born under the sign of Cancer, as it is thought to reflect the energy of the warmest month of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. For Taurus, the orange-gold colors are believed to stabilize energies, offering calming protection and balance.
Care and Cleaning
While durable enough for jewelry, amber requires careful handling due to its organic nature. It is relatively soft and can be scratched or damaged by harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners. Gentle cleaning with a soft cloth and lukewarm water is recommended. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone. It is also advisable to store amber jewelry separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratching.
Conclusion
Amber stands as a remarkable testament to the power of nature and the passage of time. From its origins as tree resin to its enduring appeal as a gemstone and birthstone, amber continues to captivate with its beauty, history, and symbolic significance. Its unique geological formation, diverse colors, and rich lore make it a treasured gem for enthusiasts, collectors, and those seeking a connection to the ancient world. As a birthstone for both Cancer and Taurus, amber offers a meaningful and beautiful adornment, imbued with the energies of protection, healing, and good fortune.