Amber, a captivating gemstone celebrated for its warm hues and ancient origins, holds a unique position among birthstones. While not a traditional birthstone in all lists, it is recognized as a high priest birthstone for those born in July, and a natural birthstone for individuals born during the midsummer period of July 22nd to August 21st. This golden resin, formed over millennia, has been prized for its beauty, perceived protective qualities, and fascinating inclusions, offering a glimpse into prehistoric life. This article will explore the history, geological origins, properties, symbolism, and care of amber, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
Amber’s history stretches back thousands of years, with archaeological evidence demonstrating its use as early as 6th dynasty Egypt, around 3200 B.C. Numerous artifacts crafted from amber have been discovered, highlighting its early importance as a material for decoration. In ancient times, amber held significant economic value, serving even as a form of currency along the Baltic Sea. The Romans, in particular, held amber in high esteem, demanding tribute from the Britons in this precious gemstone.
Beyond its economic value, amber was deeply embedded in the mythology and beliefs of various cultures. It was used in devotions to Nehalennia, a Gaulish Goddess of Sea Travelers, and Oshun, the African Goddess of Love, Intimacy, Beauty, and Diplomacy. In Greek mythology, golden amber honored Persephone, the Goddess of Spring, symbolizing celebration and the Earth’s renewal. The Romans also prized amber for its perceived protective qualities. Cameo rings featuring alternating colors of agate were believed to bring inherited wealth or buried treasure, and were thought to make the wearer a social favorite.
Geological Formation and Sources
Amber is not a mineral, but rather a fossilized resin from ancient trees. This resin, when still soft and sticky, often trapped insects and other small creatures, which became preserved within the amber over millions of years. These inclusions are highly valued, offering a unique window into prehistoric ecosystems. The majority of amber deposits, approximately 90%, are located in the Kaliningrad region of Russia, formerly known as Prussia. Amber can also be found along the shores of the Baltic Sea, where it continues to wash ashore even today. Citrine, often found alongside amber in lava tubes in Brazil, shares a similar formation process, though at deeper levels with higher heat and iron content, resulting in its golden color.
Gemological Properties
Amber is relatively soft compared to other gemstones, a characteristic that made it one of the first materials used by humans for creating decorations. While specific hardness measurements are not provided in the available sources, its softness contributes to its fragility. Amber’s color ranges from bright yellow to darker reddish and brownish yellow, and even almost black. Notably, amber from the Dominican Republic can be blue, a rare and highly sought-after variety. Amber exhibits a hexagonal crystal growth pattern, typical of quartz, demonstrating nature’s intricate creations.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, amber has been associated with a range of symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. It is often referred to as the “merchant’s stone,” believed to attract wealth, prosperity, and optimism. Amber is considered a protector from negative energy, opening the mind to new thoughts and promoting clarity. For those born under the sign of Taurus (April 20 - May 20), amber is a zodiac stone, reflecting the sign’s characteristics of strength, quietness, and affection.
Beryl, another July birthstone, was believed to reawaken love in married couples and stimulate brain activity and intellect. It was considered invaluable in family disagreements and lawsuits, offering the wearer invincibility and fostering amicable relations. Smoky Topaz, also associated with November, is believed to align with divine will, manifesting beliefs into reality, while golden Topaz symbolizes love and affection, increasing strength and intellect. Citrine, another November birthstone, is a cluster of golden quartz crystals, representing abundance and optimism.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its relative softness, amber requires careful handling and cleaning. The sources do not provide specific cleaning instructions, but its fragility suggests avoiding harsh chemicals or abrasive materials. Gentle cleaning with a soft cloth and mild soapy water is likely the most appropriate method. Avoiding sudden temperature changes and impacts will help prevent cracking or damage.
Amber as a Birthstone
Amber’s association with July stems from its designation as a high priest birthstone, based on the gems listed on the breastplate of Aaron, a biblical high priest. It is also recognized as a natural birthstone for those born during the midsummer period. The choice of birthstone is ultimately personal, with individuals often selecting the gem that resonates most with their personality or feels most connected to their spirit. The availability of multiple birthstone options for each month allows for a personalized connection to these ancient and beautiful gems.
Conclusion
Amber, with its rich history, captivating beauty, and perceived metaphysical properties, remains a cherished gemstone. From its ancient use as currency and adornment to its modern role as a birthstone and collector’s item, amber continues to fascinate and inspire. Its unique ability to preserve glimpses of prehistoric life within its golden depths adds to its enduring appeal, solidifying its place as a truly remarkable gem.