July is traditionally recognized for the vibrant red hue of the ruby, but a closer look reveals a rich and varied history of gemstones associated with this month. Throughout history and across different cultures, several gems have claimed a place as July birthstones, each carrying its own unique symbolism and lore. This article delves into the fascinating world of July birthstones, exploring the historical context, gemological properties, and cultural significance of ruby, onyx, carnelian, sardonyx, sapphire, amber, and beryl.
A History of Multiple Associations
The assignment of birthstones has evolved over time, with roots in biblical texts, astrological beliefs, and historical traditions. Sources indicate that the modern practice of associating specific gemstones with each month began to solidify in the 19th century, though earlier traditions existed. The standardization of birthstones in 1912 by the National Association of Jewelers (now Jewelers of America) officially designated ruby as the primary July birthstone in the United States. However, prior to this, and continuing alongside ruby’s prominence, other gems held significant associations with the month.
Ancient traditions, particularly those of the Romans, Arabs, and Russians, recognized a wider range of July birthstones. Onyx, for example, enjoyed a long history as a traditional July birthstone, dating back to the 15th century and persisting in Jewish, Roman, and European traditions. Carnelian was considered the old Arabic birthstone for July, while sardonyx held significance in ancient Russia. Sapphire was recognized as a July birthstone in Hindu tradition, and amber served as a high priest birthstone based on the gems from Aaron’s breastplate.
Ruby: The Stone of Nobility
The modern July birthstone, ruby, has been linked to the month since ancient times. Revered as “the stone of nobility,” ruby has long been associated with royalty, passion, protection, and prosperity. This precious gem is believed to stimulate the base chakra and promote vitality. Its vibrant red color symbolizes energy, courage, and devotion.
Onyx: A Powerful Protector
Onyx, an alternative July birthstone, boasts a history steeped in power and protection. Its name originates from the Ancient Greek word onyx, meaning “claw” or “fingernail,” possibly referencing its banded appearance or the way it can protect the nail bed. In ancient times, onyx was favored by Egyptian pharaohs and Roman emperors as a symbol of their authority and opulence. It was believed to possess supernatural powers, guarding against negative energies and evil spirits. While typically black, onyx can also be found in shades of brown, red, green, and even blue. Onyx is also associated with the zodiac sign Leo, which falls partially within July.
Carnelian: A Stone of Courage and Strength
Carnelian, an older Arabic birthstone for July and a modern alternative in England, is recognized as a stone of power, courage, and strength. It is believed to increase energy levels and promote vitality.
Sardonyx: Radiating Optimism
Sardonyx, an ancient Russian birthstone for July, is a strong protective stone that radiates positive energy, raising optimism and confidence.
Sapphire: Wisdom and Spiritual Truth
Sapphire, the Hindu birthstone for July, symbolizes wisdom and spiritual truth. It is believed to remind individuals of the purity and innocence of the soul, bringing peace of mind.
Amber: A Gem of Ancient Origins
Amber, a fossilized tree resin, is a unique July birthstone with a history stretching back millennia. Primarily yellow in color, amber can range from bright yellow to reddish-brown or even almost black, with rare blue specimens found in the Dominican Republic. Approximately 90% of all amber deposits are located in the Kaliningrad region of Russia, formerly known as Prussia. Amber often contains fossilized insects and other small creatures, making valuable specimens highly sought after. Humans have utilized amber for decorations since ancient times, with artifacts dating back to 6th dynasty Egypt (3200 B.C.). In ancient times, amber was used as currency in the Baltic region and traded throughout Europe, highly prized by the Romans who demanded it as tribute from the Britons.
Beryl: A Less Common Association
Beryl is listed as an alternative July birthstone, though details regarding its specific historical or cultural significance within the context of July are limited.
Zodiacal Connections and Alternative Systems
Beyond the traditional birthstone lists, alternative systems assign gemstones based on astrological signs or guardian angels. According to one such system, garnet is associated with Aquarius, amethyst with Pisces, bloodstone with Aries, sapphire with Taurus, agate with Gemini, emerald with Cancer, onyx with Leo, carnelian with Virgo, chrysolite with Libra, beryl with Scorpio, topaz with Sagittarius, and ruby with Capricorn. Furthermore, specific guardian angels are linked to each month and corresponding gemstones: Gabriel with onyx (January), Barchiel with jasper (February), and Malchediel with ruby (March).
A Note on Terminology
It is important to note that historical terminology regarding gemstones can be imprecise. The term “chrysolite,” for example, was once used to refer to yellow-green chrysoberyl, peridot, and prehnite, but is no longer considered a distinct gem species.
Conclusion
July’s birthstone heritage is far more diverse than the commonly recognized ruby. From the protective power of onyx to the ancient origins of amber and the wisdom symbolized by sapphire, a wealth of gemstones have been associated with this month throughout history and across cultures. While ruby remains the modern primary birthstone, the alternative gems offer a fascinating glimpse into the evolving traditions and beliefs surrounding these captivating stones. The choice of which July birthstone resonates most deeply remains a personal one, reflecting individual preferences and connections to the rich symbolism embedded within each gem.